GI - recent papers

The ECOSENSE forest: a distributed sensor and data management system for real-time monitoring of ecosystem processes and stresses

Thu, 08 Oct 2026 21:47:52 +0200

The ECOSENSE forest: a distributed sensor and data management system for real-time monitoring of ecosystem processes and stresses
Jasmin Tesch, Kathrin Kühnhammer, Delon Wagner, Andreas Christen, Carsten Dormann, Julian Frey, Rüdiger Grote, Teja Kattenborn, Markus Sulzer, Ulrike Wallrabe, Markus Weiler, Christiane Werner, Samaneh Baghbani, Julian Brzozon, Laura Maria Comella, Lea Dedden, Stefanie Dumberger, Yasmina Frey, Matthias Gassilloud, Timo Gerach, Anna Göritz, Simon Haberstroh, Johannes Klüppel, Luis Kremer, Jürgen Kreuzwieser, Hojin Lee, Joachim Maack, Julian Müller, Oswald Prucker, Sanam K. Rajak, Jürgen Rühe, Stefan J. Rupitsch, Helmer Schack-Kirchner, Christian Scharinger, Uttunga Shinde, Till Steinmann, Clara Stock, and Josef Strack
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 253–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-253-2026, 2026
In the ECOSENSE forest, we developed a robust infrastructure for distributed forest sensing. Reliable power supply, stable network connection, and smart data collection systems enable the operation of hundreds of sensors under challenging conditions. By detailing the infrastructure design and implementation, we provide a transferable blueprint for building complex monitoring sites that support high-resolution, long-term ecosystem observations.

Updating thermal head of RECoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS) for better drilling performance in Qilin Subglacial Lake exploration

Thu, 08 Oct 2026 21:47:52 +0200

Updating thermal head of RECoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS) for better drilling performance in Qilin Subglacial Lake exploration
Yazhou Li, Xuxin Lei, Xiaopeng Fan, Haibing Yu, Bing Li, Shilin Peng, and Yuting Ye
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 237–252, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-237-2026, 2026
To enable the Recoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS) to explore Qilin Subglacial Lake in Antarctica, its original thermal head was upgraded to withstand high water pressures of up to 40 MPa. In addition, the incorporation of a water-jetting component significantly improved the penetration rate in clear, dust-laden, and debris-rich ice by 22%, 42%, and 253%, respectively. The upgraded RECAS thermal head is expected to be used to drill into Qilin Subglacial Lake in the upcoming Antarctic season.

A low-cost surface ablation monitoring system using wind-induced motion of mass-balance stakes

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 21:47:52 +0200

A low-cost surface ablation monitoring system using wind-induced motion of mass-balance stakes
Felix St-Amour, Hsin Cynthia Chiang, Jamie Cox, Eamon Egan, Ian Hendricksen, Jacob Rodrigo, Jonathan Sievers, and Laura Thomson
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 227–236, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-227-2026, 2026
Glacier surface melt is often studied by measuring the exposed length of vertical stakes that are partially embedded in the ice. We present new autonomous instrumentation that monitors this exposed length continuously by measuring wind-induced vibrations in the stake. Initial lab and field tests show that this measurement technique yields centimetre-level precision. Our instrumentation, which is low-cost, opens new possibilities for enabling automated measurements on large numbers of stakes.

Integrated electrical resistivity tomography and geological characterization of the upper San José de Aloburo landslide, Pimampiro, Imbabura

Thu, 03 Sep 2026 21:47:52 +0200

Integrated electrical resistivity tomography and geological characterization of the upper San José de Aloburo landslide, Pimampiro, Imbabura
Brenda Mayacela-Salazar, Raisa Torres-Ramirez, Richard Perez-Roa, and Werner Brämer-Escamilla
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 213–226, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-213-2026, 2026
This study investigated the upper part of a major landslide in the Ecuadorian Andes by combining underground electrical imaging with field geology and sediment observations. The results reveal clear contrasts beneath the slope that are consistent with zones of potential instability, although they cannot confirm a failure surface directly. The work shows that combining geophysical and geological evidence can improve landslide assessment while making uncertainty and data limitations explicit.

Causal and uncertainty-aware digital-twin framework for ultra–low-noise geoscientific inertial sensors

Mon, 06 Jul 2026 21:47:52 +0200

Causal and uncertainty-aware digital-twin framework for ultra–low-noise geoscientific inertial sensors
Antonino D'Alessandro
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 195–211, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-195-2026, 2026
Instruments that measure extremely small ground motions are vital for monitoring earthquakes, volcanoes, and slow Earth deformation. This study presents a virtual modelling approach that predicts sensor performance before construction. By accounting for physical limits, electronic effects, and uncertainty, the method clarifies what truly limits sensitivity and how designs can be improved, supporting the development of more accurate and robust tools for Earth science.

Enhanced removal of very low frequency and low frequency radio noise from transient electromagnetic data with modeling and adaptive filtering

Thu, 21 May 2026 21:47:52 +0200

Enhanced removal of very low frequency and low frequency radio noise from transient electromagnetic data with modeling and adaptive filtering
Michel Hardenberg and Jakob Juul Larsen
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 183–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-183-2026, 2026
Transient electromagnetics (TEM) is traditionally used for mapping, but new use-cases are emerging. For example, a stationary TEM instrument can gather time-lapse data. By observing dynamic changes of the subsurface resistivity model, it is possible to track changes in groundwater levels. However, the changes are minuscule and data sets with very high signal-to-noise ratios are therefore crucial. We demonstrate a method for suppressing noise from a specific type of radio noise.

A database-driven research data framework for integrating and processing high-dimensional geoscientific data

Wed, 20 May 2026 21:47:52 +0200

A database-driven research data framework for integrating and processing high-dimensional geoscientific data
Dennis Handy, W. Marijn van der Meij, Mirijam Zickel, and Tony Reimann
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 165–181, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-165-2026, 2026
Geoscientific projects often struggle to manage complex data effectively, resulting in valuable information being lost due to poor findability and accessibility. To address this, we present a comprehensive research data framework for storing and processing data throughout a project, from fieldwork to data analysis. This ensures that datasets are clearly defined, reproducible and adhere to the FAIR principles (findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability).

Experimental analysis of Taylor bubble regimes using kymography: a tool for understanding bubble ascent dynamics in open-vent volcanic conduits

Fri, 08 May 2026 21:47:52 +0200

Experimental analysis of Taylor bubble regimes using kymography: a tool for understanding bubble ascent dynamics in open-vent volcanic conduits
Hannah Calleja, Eric C. P. Breard, Tom D. Pering, Linda A. Kirstein, Ian B. Butler, and J. Godfrey Fitton
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 141–163, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-141-2026, 2026
Some volcanic eruptions are driven by huge gas pockets called Taylor bubbles. Volcanologists use experiments that replicate flow inside volcanic conduits to study these eruptions. We show for the first time that kymography can be used to effectively quantify key Taylor bubble flow features such as: gas volume fraction, gas and liquid slug velocities, bubble length and diameter, falling film thickness, bubble and coalescence event counts, and to indicate steady-state ascent.

Improving the Magic constant – data-based calibration of phased array radars

Wed, 06 May 2026 21:47:52 +0200

Improving the Magic constant – data-based calibration of phased array radars
Theresa Rexer, Björn Gustavsson, Juha Vierinen, Andres Spicher, Devin Ray Huyghebaert, Andreas Kvammen, Robert Gillies, and Asti Bhatt
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 127–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-127-2026, 2026
We present a second-level calibration method for electron density measurements from multi-beam incoherent scatter radars. It is based on the well-known Flat field correction method used in imaging and photography. The method improves data quality and useability as it accounts for unaccounted and unpredictable variations in the radar system. This is valuable for studies where inter-beam calibration is important such as studies of polar cap patches, plasma irregularities and turbulence.

Multi-scale and multi-compartment monitoring of tree vitality – integrating soil, stem, crown, and remote sensing observations

Wed, 15 Apr 2026 21:47:52 +0200

Multi-scale and multi-compartment monitoring of tree vitality – integrating soil, stem, crown, and remote sensing observations
Moritz Mauz, Stefan Ehekircher, Andreas Braun, Armin Niessner, Tamara Schober, Göran Spangenberg, Jürgen Schäffer, Sebastian Hein, and Volker Hochschild
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 107–125, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-107-2026, 2026
This study presents the research design and first results of the DryTrees project, which investigates drought stress in Central European beech and oak forests. By combining continuous in-situ measurements of tree water balance with drone-, satellite-, and meteorological data, the project assesses how site-specific soil properties influence tree vitality and drought susceptibility. The integrative approach supports the development of site-adapted, climate-resilient forest management strategies.

Modernizing GNSS data acquisition, pre-processing, and distribution at volcanological observatories

Thu, 19 Mar 2026 21:47:52 +0100

Modernizing GNSS data acquisition, pre-processing, and distribution at volcanological observatories
Pierre Sakic, Patrice Boissier, Jean-Marie Saurel, Sébastien Deroussi, Arnaud Andrieu, Cyprien Griot, Alexis Bosson, Cyril Vidal, Constanza Pardo, Jean-Bernard de Chabalier, and OVPF, OVSG & OVSM Teams
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 89–106, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-89-2026, 2026
We developed two open tools that simplify and modernize the processing of satellite positioning data used to monitor volcanoes and earthquakes. They automatically collect and convert data from different instruments into a common format, making near real-time analysis easier and more reliable. These tools enable observatories in remote areas to enhance their ability to track ground movements and gain a deeper understanding of natural hazards.

Design and implementation of a robust data logging and satellite telemetry system for remote cryospheric research

Fri, 27 Feb 2026 21:47:53 +0100

Design and implementation of a robust data logging and satellite telemetry system for remote cryospheric research
Sunil N. Oulkar, Matthew W. Peacey, Michael Mitrev, Duncan J. Quincey, Bryn Hubbard, Tom Matthews, Ankita S. Oulkar, Katie E. Miles, and Ann V. Rowan
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 75–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-75-2026, 2026
We designed and tested a system that can record and send data in near real time from extreme and remote locations, such as Mount Everest. Using solar power and satellite communication, the system worked reliably at high altitude, showing it can be applied in other remote regions. This approach will help scientists collect vital information on how the environment is changing in areas that are normally very difficult to study.

The development of a reference corner cube inertial suspension device

Thu, 26 Feb 2026 21:47:53 +0100

The development of a reference corner cube inertial suspension device
Bing Zhang, Xiaoyi Zhu, Qiong Wu, Bing Xue, Lili Xing, Yanxiong Wu, Peng Su, Xiaolei Wang, Yuru Wang, Shuaibo Zhao, Chuhan Wang, and Kaihang Liu
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 65–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-65-2026, 2026
A reference corner cube inertial suspension device (RCCISD) was developed to measure the vibration acceleration of the reference corner cube of the laser interferometer absolute gravimeter. Experimental test results show that the noise power spectral density (PSD) of gravitational acceleration calculated by an interference fringe observed jointly by the RCCISD is about 40 dB lower than that of the reference corner cube directly placed on the ground.

Classification of sea-ice concentration from ship-board S-band radar images using open-source machine learning tools

Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:47:53 +0100

Classification of sea-ice concentration from ship-board S-band radar images using open-source machine learning tools
Elizabeth Westbrook, Peter Gaube, Emmett Culhane, Frederick Bingham, Astrid Pacini, Carlyn Schmidgall, Julian Schanze, and Kyla Drushka
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 53–63, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-53-2026, 2026
We develop a machine learning methods to detect and classify how much sea ice was present around our research vessel. We used a navigation radar common on many merchant vessels attached to a screen capture device. The captured images were classified using a convolutional neural network and the resulting classification were found to be in good agreement with direct observations and satellite-based products.

One-day repeat pass interferometry highlights the role of temporal baseline on digital elevation models retrieved from Sentinel-1

Fri, 23 Jan 2026 21:47:53 +0100

One-day repeat pass interferometry highlights the role of temporal baseline on digital elevation models retrieved from Sentinel-1
Andreas Braun
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 39–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-39-2026, 2026
The study examines how new satellite images can be used to create detailed maps of Earth’s surface height. Analysis of Sentinel-1C data shows that very short time gaps between images produce the most accurate results in the study area, while longer gaps reduce quality, especially over forests and steep terrain. The findings give insights on the data quality achievable by 1-day repeat-pass interferometry by Sentinel-1.

Evaluating data quality and reference instrument robustness: insights of 12 years DI magnetometer comparisons in the Geomagnetic Network of China

Thu, 15 Jan 2026 21:47:53 +0100

Evaluating data quality and reference instrument robustness: insights of 12 years DI magnetometer comparisons in the Geomagnetic Network of China
Yufei He, Xudong Zhao, Fuxi Yang, Suqin Zhang, and Qi Li
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 27–38, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-27-2026, 2026
This study evaluates the data quality and long-term robustness of reference fluxgate theodolites in Geomagnetic Network of China (GNC). Results show high stability in reference instruments and no drift. Operator dependent errors were identified as the primary contributor in observer data. The study highlights the critical role of comparisons. Future efforts should integrate sensors and automation technologies to minimize human errors, thereby providing a higher quality data for studies.

Frequency control and monitoring of the ALOMAR RMR lidar's pulsed high-power Nd:YAG lasers

Fri, 09 Jan 2026 21:47:53 +0100

Frequency control and monitoring of the ALOMAR RMR lidar's pulsed high-power Nd:YAG lasers
Jens Fiedler, Gerd Baumgarten, Michael Gerding, Torsten Köpnick, Reik Ostermann, and Bernd Kaifler
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 17–26, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-17-2026, 2026
We developed a system for frequency control and monitoring of pulsed high-power lasers. It works in real-time, controls the laser cavity length, and performs a spectral analyzes of each individual laser pulse. The motivation for this work was to improve the retrieval of Doppler winds measured by lidar in the middle atmosphere by taking the frequency stability of the lidar transmitter into account.

The azimuth observation by Global Navigation Satellite Systems as an alternative to astronomical method: a case study at Kakioka

Tue, 06 Jan 2026 21:47:53 +0100

The azimuth observation by Global Navigation Satellite Systems as an alternative to astronomical method: a case study at Kakioka
Hiroki Matsushita, Daisuke Matsuura, Funa Iizuka, Junpei Oogi, and Seiki Asari
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 7–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-7-2026, 2026
We have adopted Polaris sighting as our azimuth observation at our observatories for a long time. This method, however, has some difficulties such as weather-dependent observation conditions. Therefore, we examined the satellite method and found that its precision was comparable to the Polaris sighting. We also found that a significant difference of about 10 arcseconds between them. This is due likely to a deflection of vertical, which is well known in the field of geodetic surveying.

Pituffik (PIF), a new magnetic observatory in the Arctic

Mon, 05 Jan 2026 21:47:53 +0100

Pituffik (PIF), a new magnetic observatory in the Arctic
Anna Willer, Lars William Pedersen, Jan Oechsle, and Marie Vigger Eldor
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 15, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-1-2026, 2026
The new Arctic magnetic observatory at Pituffik in Greenland is strategically located in a sparsely monitored high-latitude region. Analysis of over a year of data, including baseline stability, temperature control, and calibrated magnetic field measurements demonstrates high data quality and confirms the observatory’s readiness for contribution to the international geomagnetic community.

Tipping point analysis helps identify sensor phenomena in humidity data

Fri, 19 Dec 2025 21:47:53 +0100

Tipping point analysis helps identify sensor phenomena in humidity data
Valerie N. Livina, Kate Willett, and Stephanie Bell
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 14, 541–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-14-541-2025, 2025
A novel approach that uses tipping point analysis for identifying instrumental changes in sensor data that may not have full description of legacy hardware. The technique helps interpret changes of pattern in the data (autocorrelations) and distinguish them from climatic and environmental effects. This is particularly important for historic datasets, where instrumental changes may be undocumented or lack metadata.