To address the long-distance dynamic data transmission bottlenecks of XCPs, this study optimized data transmission technology. It reduced interference by improving LVDS data transmission analog circuits and added RS encoding to the probe’s digital board to lower bit error rates. Experimental results showed the optimized system transmits data over 2500 meters via 0.1 mm double-coated enamelled wire, with a 9600 baud rate and 10⁻⁴ bit error rate.

Transient electromagnetics (TEM) is traditionally used for mapping, but new use-cases are emerging. For example, a stationary TEM instrument can gather time-lapse data. By observing dynamic changes of the subsurface resistivity model, it is possible to track changes in groundwater levels. However, the changes are minuscule and data sets with very high signal-to-noise ratios are therefore crucial. We demonstrate a method for suppressing noise from a specific type of radio noise.

The Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms mission studies how the solar wind interacts with Earth’s magnetic field using five rotating spacecraft. After one spacecraft lost its measurements along its rotation axis, we used the two remaining magnetometer components with the spacecraft's spin to reconstruct the missing component with lower time resolution. A comparison with earlier data, when all components were available, shows that reconstruction is possible.

Instruments that measure extremely small ground motions are vital for monitoring earthquakes, volcanoes, and slow Earth deformation. This study presents a virtual modelling approach that predicts sensor performance before construction. By accounting for physical limits, electronic effects, and uncertainty, the method clarifies what truly limits sensitivity and how designs can be improved, supporting the development of more accurate and robust tools for Earth science.

This work presents a new lightweight and low-cost multi-gas sensor instrument, called Volcanosonda. It is designed to be deployed into volcanic clouds using sounding balloons, enabling in-situ measurements to enhance the characterization of key volcanic gases (SO₂, CO₂), together with atmospheric parameters such as pressure, relative humidity, and temperature.

This study presents the research design and first results of the DryTrees project, which investigates drought stress in Central European beech and oak forests. By combining continuous in-situ measurements of tree water balance with drone-, satellite-, and meteorological data, the project assesses how site-specific soil properties influence tree vitality and drought susceptibility. The integrative approach supports the development of site-adapted, climate-resilient forest management strategies.

We evaluate the sensitivity of firn microstructural properties computed from x-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to the binarization threshold step of the image processing process. We found bulk parameters to be largely insensitive, while parameters describing the microstructure’s complexity and connectivity exhibited strong depth-dependent sensitivity. These results highlight the need for a standardized image-processing method for firn micro-CT data to enable comparison of study results.

Glacier surface melt is often studied by measuring the exposed length of vertical stakes that are partially embedded in the ice. We present new autonomous instrumentation that monitors this exposed length continuously by measuring wind-induced vibrations in the stake. Initial lab and field tests show that this measurement technique yields centimetre-level precision. Our instrumentation, which is low-cost, opens new possibilities for enabling automated measurements on large numbers of stakes.

This research analyzes the San José de Aloburo landslide, located in Imbabura, Ecuador, using electrical resistivity tomography to identify the displaced mass and subsoil characteristics. The results improve the geological interpretation of slope movements and demonstrate the usefulness of geophysical methods for evaluating landslide dynamics.

Accurate rainfall data require well-calibrated gauges, but existing tools are expensive or not suited to field use. We present the Adjustable-Rate 3D Printed Calibrator a low-cost device that delivers a steady, adjustable flow of water to check gauge accuracy. Tests in the lab and field show it is precise, reliable, and easy to build for about 12 USD, helping make routine calibration more accessible.

This research was carried out to understand and fix repeated startup failures in an older geophysical measurement device that became unusable after losing its internal settings. The failures prevented the instrument from starting and showing any information on its screen. We carefully examined the cause, connected external display and input tools, and rebuilt the correct configuration step by step. After recovery, the instrument started correctly every time and reliably kept its settings.

The analysis and data-processing programs and applications for observational meteorology and environmental research that we have developed over the years now allow us to simplify and automate the analysis, processing and production of data for research. The latest developments account for the arrival of multidimensional variables from remote‑sensing instruments and include graphical interfaces to facilitate use of the tools.

This study explores how land use changes affect estuaries in Vietnam. Over 30 years, urban growth and tourism have harmed natural landscapes and reduced important ecosystem benefits like flood control. The research shows that protecting natural areas helps keep the land stable and supports healthy ecosystems. These insights can guide better land use decisions that balance development and nature.