Recent  

Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing (CRNS) is a non-invasive tool for measuring hydrogen pools like soil moisture, snow, or vegetation. This study presents a directional shielding approach, aiming to measure in specific directions only. The results show that non-directional neutron transport blurs the signal of the targeted direction. For typical instruments, this does not allow acceptable precision at a daily time resolution. However, the mere statistical distinction of two rates is feasible.

We use the technical methods of instrument development, calibration experiments and numerical simulation to develop a new type of in-situ stress sensor group using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology, which can calculate the in-situ stress state of surrounding rock mass by sensing the borehole wall strain. This sensor group lays an important theoretical and experimental foundation for the development and application of FBG hole-wall strain gauge.

Methods for reconstruction of winter long data gaps in snow depth time series are compared. The methods use snow depth data from neighboring stations or calculate snow depth from temperature and precipitation data. All methods except one are able to reproduce the average snow depth and maximum snow depth in a winter reasonably well. For reconstructing the number of snow days with snow depth ≥ 1 cm, results suggest to use a snow model instead of relying on data from neighboring stations.

Reduce the uncertainty in air quality assessment by imputing all missing pollutants in the monitoring stations and identify where more measurements can be beneficial. The proposed approach is based on spatial or temporal similarity between stations. We found that our proposed approach enables us to impute/estimate plausible concentrations of multiple pollutants at stations across the UK, and the modelled concentrations from the selected models correlated well with the observed concentrations.

Based on an analysis of the differences between DEM and point cloud data, including the corresponding acquisition methods, data structures and model construction methods, this paper proposes a 3D point set data model based on regular grid 2D data field for regional modeling. The feasibility of the model is tested through the upper and lower boundary modeling method.

This paper presents a brief description of the ground-based installation for the study of cosmic rays "CARPET". Today there is a network of such installations located in different parts of the world. For ground-based installations, meteorological effects must be considered as they affect the data. This paper shows a technique for eliminating barometric and temperature dependences based on data for 2019–2020.

This paper describes a seismic data set acquired by network of broadband sensors in Poland and technical issues related to data acquisition. We describe a new azimuth-transfer device for precise sensor orientation and apply methods for data-based orientation checking. We analyze the seismic noise level and discuss effect of geology at sites on character of seismic data and noise. We show data examples and describe methods of seismic data interpretation for studies of lithospheric structure.

The LOPS measure the magnetic field with high spatial coverage. Although there are no magnetic cleanliness to the satellites, triple sensors configuration enables removal of interferences from the satellites. Results show they are able to capture the Earth’s internal as well as the external fields from the magnetosphere-ionosphere current system. This study implies that large number of small low-cost satellites without magnetic cleanliness would be
the future for the space magnetic exploration.

In this paper, we have produced definitive data from Indonesian Geomagnetic Observatories to create a standardized high-quality set of measurements for scientific exploitation. We explain the steps taken to improve upon the data collections and processing protocols that previously existed and suggested improvements to enhance the quality of the magnetic time-series. The data can fill the gap in the Pacific region and provide input into geomagnetic modeling and secular variation studies.

This paper is dedicated to description of universal, easy to modify and affordable rock slope monitoring system. By such a system, we are able to monitor environmental variables, rock mass 3 m surface zone temperature and temporal dynamic of selected joints. So far, we are observed differences between three monitored sites, however, to further data analyses longer time series are needed. We hope, our work encourage scientific community to increase knowledge in this interesting field.