Articles | Volume 12, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-121-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-121-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
14 Jul 2023
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 14 Jul 2023
| 14 Jul 2023
Design and performance of the Hotrod melt-tip ice-drilling system
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
Christopher Shields
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
Pavel Talalay
Polar Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China
Xiaopeng Fan
Polar Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China
Austin P. Lines
Polar Research Equipment, Etna, USA
Joshua Elliott
Polar Research Equipment, Etna, USA
Harihar Rajaram
Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
Kenneth Mankoff
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
now at: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, USA
Morten Jensen
Copenhagen School of Design and Technology, Copenhagen, Denmark
Mira Backes
Department of Space, The Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Yunchen Liu
Polar Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China
Xianzhe Wei
Polar Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China
Nanna B. Karlsson
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
Henrik Spanggård
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
Allan Ø. Pedersen
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
Related authors
Shfaqat A. Khan, Helene Seroussi, Mathieu Morlighem, William Colgan, Veit Helm, Gong Cheng, Danjal Berg, Valentina R. Barletta, Nicolaj K. Larsen, William Kochtitzky, Michiel van den Broeke, Kurt H. Kjær, Andy Aschwanden, Brice Noël, Jason E. Box, Joseph A. MacGregor, Robert S. Fausto, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Ian M. Howat, Kuba Oniszk, Dominik Fahrner, Anja Løkkegaard, Eigil Y. H. Lippert, and Javed Hassan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-348, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-348, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The surface elevation of the Greenland Ice Sheet is changing due to surface mass balance processes and ice dynamics, each exhibiting distinct spatiotemporal patterns. Here, we employ satellite and airborne altimetry data with fine spatial (1 km) and temporal (monthly) resolutions to document this spatiotemporal evolution from 2003 to 2023. This dataset of fine-resolution altimetry data in both space and time will support studies of ice mass loss and useful for GIS ice sheet modelling.
Tong Zhang, William Colgan, Agnes Wansing, Anja Løkkegaard, Gunter Leguy, William H. Lipscomb, and Cunde Xiao
The Cryosphere, 18, 387–402, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The geothermal heat flux determines how much heat enters from beneath the ice sheet, and thus impacts the temperature and the flow of the ice sheet. In this study we investigate how much geothermal heat flux impacts the initialization of the Greenland ice sheet. We use the Community Ice Sheet Model with two different initialization methods. We find a non-trivial influence of the choice of heat flow boundary conditions on the ice sheet initializations for further designs of ice sheet modeling.
Baptiste Vandecrux, Jason E. Box, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe B. Andersen, Nicolas Bayou, William T. Colgan, Nicolas J. Cullen, Robert S. Fausto, Dominik Haas-Artho, Achim Heilig, Derek A. Houtz, Penelope How, Ionut Iosifescu Enescu, Nanna B. Karlsson, Rebecca Kurup Buchholz, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Daniel McGrath, Noah P. Molotch, Bianca Perren, Maiken K. Revheim, Anja Rutishauser, Kevin Sampson, Martin Schneebeli, Sandy Starkweather, Simon Steffen, Jeff Weber, Patrick J. Wright, Henry Jay Zwally, and Konrad Steffen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5467–5489, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5467-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5467-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net) comprises stations that have been monitoring the weather on the Greenland Ice Sheet for over 30 years. These stations are being replaced by newer ones maintained by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS). The historical data were reprocessed to improve their quality, and key information about the weather stations has been compiled. This augmented dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/VVXGUT (Steffen et al., 2022).
Anja Løkkegaard, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Christian Zdanowicz, Gary D. Clow, Martin P. Lüthi, Samuel H. Doyle, Henrik H. Thomsen, David Fisher, Joel Harper, Andy Aschwanden, Bo M. Vinther, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Harry Zekollari, Toby Meierbachtol, Ian McDowell, Neil Humphrey, Anne Solgaard, Nanna B. Karlsson, Shfaqat A. Khan, Benjamin Hills, Robert Law, Bryn Hubbard, Poul Christoffersen, Mylène Jacquemart, Julien Seguinot, Robert S. Fausto, and William T. Colgan
The Cryosphere, 17, 3829–3845, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3829-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3829-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a database compiling 95 ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps. Ice viscosity and hence ice flow are highly sensitive to ice temperature. To highlight the value of the database in evaluating ice flow simulations, profiles from the Greenland ice sheet are compared to a modeled temperature field. Reoccurring discrepancies between modeled and observed temperatures provide insight on the difficulties faced when simulating ice temperatures.
Inès N. Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Erik R. Ivins, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Charles Amory, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Martin Horwath, Ian Joughin, Michalea D. King, Gerhard Krinner, Sophie Nowicki, Anthony J. Payne, Eric Rignot, Ted Scambos, Karen M. Simon, Benjamin E. Smith, Louise S. Sørensen, Isabella Velicogna, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Geruo A, Cécile Agosta, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Alejandro Blazquez, William Colgan, Marcus E. Engdahl, Xavier Fettweis, Rene Forsberg, Hubert Gallée, Alex Gardner, Lin Gilbert, Noel Gourmelen, Andreas Groh, Brian C. Gunter, Christopher Harig, Veit Helm, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Christoph Kittel, Hannes Konrad, Peter L. Langen, Benoit S. Lecavalier, Chia-Chun Liang, Bryant D. Loomis, Malcolm McMillan, Daniele Melini, Sebastian H. Mernild, Ruth Mottram, Jeremie Mouginot, Johan Nilsson, Brice Noël, Mark E. Pattle, William R. Peltier, Nadege Pie, Mònica Roca, Ingo Sasgen, Himanshu V. Save, Ki-Weon Seo, Bernd Scheuchl, Ernst J. O. Schrama, Ludwig Schröder, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Thomas Slater, Giorgio Spada, Tyler C. Sutterley, Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma, Jan Melchior van Wessem, David Wiese, Wouter van der Wal, and Bert Wouters
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1597–1616, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
By measuring changes in the volume, gravitational attraction, and ice flow of Greenland and Antarctica from space, we can monitor their mass gain and loss over time. Here, we present a new record of the Earth’s polar ice sheet mass balance produced by aggregating 50 satellite-based estimates of ice sheet mass change. This new assessment shows that the ice sheets have lost (7.5 x 1012) t of ice between 1992 and 2020, contributing 21 mm to sea level rise.
Joseph A. MacGregor, Winnie Chu, William T. Colgan, Mark A. Fahnestock, Denis Felikson, Nanna B. Karlsson, Sophie M. J. Nowicki, and Michael Studinger
The Cryosphere, 16, 3033–3049, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3033-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3033-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Where the bottom of the Greenland Ice Sheet is frozen and where it is thawed is not well known, yet knowing this state is increasingly important to interpret modern changes in ice flow there. We produced a second synthesis of knowledge of the basal thermal state of the ice sheet using airborne and satellite observations and numerical models. About one-third of the ice sheet’s bed is likely thawed; two-fifths is likely frozen; and the remainder is too uncertain to specify.
Mimmi Oksman, Anna Bang Kvorning, Signe Hillerup Larsen, Kristian Kjellerup Kjeldsen, Kenneth David Mankoff, William Colgan, Thorbjørn Joest Andersen, Niels Nørgaard-Pedersen, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Naja Mikkelsen, and Sofia Ribeiro
The Cryosphere, 16, 2471–2491, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2471-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2471-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
One of the questions facing the cryosphere community today is how increasing runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet impacts marine ecosystems. To address this, long-term data are essential. Here, we present multi-site records of fjord productivity for SW Greenland back to the 19th century. We show a link between historical freshwater runoff and productivity, which is strongest in the inner fjord – influenced by marine-terminating glaciers – where productivity has increased since the late 1990s.
William Colgan, Agnes Wansing, Kenneth Mankoff, Mareen Lösing, John Hopper, Keith Louden, Jörg Ebbing, Flemming G. Christiansen, Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen, Lillemor Claesson Liljedahl, Joseph A. MacGregor, Árni Hjartarson, Stefan Bernstein, Nanna B. Karlsson, Sven Fuchs, Juha Hartikainen, Johan Liakka, Robert S. Fausto, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Anders Bjørk, Jens-Ove Naslund, Finn Mørk, Yasmina Martos, Niels Balling, Thomas Funck, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Dorthe Petersen, Ulrik Gregersen, Gregers Dam, Tove Nielsen, Shfaqat A. Khan, and Anja Løkkegaard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2209–2238, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We assemble all available geothermal heat flow measurements collected in and around Greenland into a new database. We use this database of point measurements, in combination with other geophysical datasets, to model geothermal heat flow in and around Greenland. Our geothermal heat flow model is generally cooler than previous models of Greenland, especially in southern Greenland. It does not suggest any high geothermal heat flows resulting from Icelandic plume activity over 50 million years ago.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, Xavier Fettweis, Peter L. Langen, Martin Stendel, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Nanna B. Karlsson, Brice Noël, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Anne Solgaard, William Colgan, Jason E. Box, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Michalea D. King, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe Bech Andersen, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5001–5025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate the daily mass balance and its components (surface, marine, and basal mass balance) for the Greenland ice sheet. Our time series begins in 1840 and has annual resolution through 1985 and then daily from 1986 through next week. Results are operational (updated daily) and provided for the entire ice sheet or by commonly used regions or sectors. This is the first input–output mass balance estimate to include the basal mass balance.
Robert S. Fausto, Dirk van As, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Baptiste Vandecrux, Michele Citterio, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe B. Andersen, William Colgan, Nanna B. Karlsson, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Niels J. Korsgaard, Signe H. Larsen, Søren Nielsen, Allan Ø. Pedersen, Christopher L. Shields, Anne M. Solgaard, and Jason E. Box
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3819–3845, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3819-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3819-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) has been measuring climate and ice sheet properties since 2007. Here, we present our data product from weather and ice sheet measurements from a network of automatic weather stations mainly located in the melt area of the ice sheet. Currently the PROMICE automatic weather station network includes 25 instrumented sites in Greenland.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, Brice Noël, Xavier Fettweis, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, William Colgan, Ken Kondo, Kirsty Langley, Shin Sugiyama, Dirk van As, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2811–2841, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2811-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2811-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work partitions regional climate model (RCM) runoff from the MAR and RACMO RCMs to hydrologic outlets at the ice margin and coast. Temporal resolution is daily from 1959 through 2019. Spatial grid is ~ 100 m, resolving individual streams. In addition to discharge at outlets, we also provide the streams, outlets, and basin geospatial data, as well as a script to query and access the geospatial or time series discharge data from the data files.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, Anne Solgaard, William Colgan, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1367–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1367-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We have produced an open and reproducible estimate of Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 to 2020. Our results show three modes at the the total ice sheet scale: steady discharge from 1986 through 2000, increasing discharge from 2000 through 2005, and steady discharge from 2005 through 2019. The behavior of individual sectors and glaciers is more complicated. This work was done to provide a 100 % reproducible estimate to help constrain mass balance and sea-level-rise estimates.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, William Colgan, Anne Solgaard, Nanna B. Karlsson, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Dirk van As, Jason E. Box, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Jeremie Mouginot, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 769–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-769-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-769-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We have produced an open and reproducible estimate of Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through 2017. Our results show three modes at the total ice-sheet scale: steady discharge from 1986 through 2000, increasing discharge from 2000 through 2005, and steady discharge from 2005 through 2017. The behavior of individual sectors and glaciers is more complicated. This work was done to provide a 100 % reproducible estimate to help constrain mass balance and sea-level rise estimates.
Baptiste Vandecrux, Michael MacFerrin, Horst Machguth, William T. Colgan, Dirk van As, Achim Heilig, C. Max Stevens, Charalampos Charalampidis, Robert S. Fausto, Elizabeth M. Morris, Ellen Mosley-Thompson, Lora Koenig, Lynn N. Montgomery, Clément Miège, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen, and Jason E. Box
The Cryosphere, 13, 845–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-845-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-845-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The perennial snow, or firn, on the Greenland ice sheet each summer stores part of the meltwater formed at the surface, buffering the ice sheet’s contribution to sea level. We gathered observations of firn air content, indicative of the space available in the firn to retain meltwater, and find that this air content remained stable in cold regions of the firn over the last 65 years but recently decreased significantly in western Greenland.
W. Colgan, S. Luthcke, W. Abdalati, and M. Citterio
The Cryosphere, 7, 1901–1914, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1901-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1901-2013, 2013
Mai Winstrup, Heidi Ranndal, Signe Hillerup Larsen, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Robert S. Fausto, and Louise Sandberg Sørensen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5405–5428, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5405-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5405-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Surface topography across the marginal zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet is constantly evolving. Here we present an annual series (2019–2022) of summer digital elevation models (PRODEMs) for the Greenland Ice Sheet margin, covering all outlet glaciers from the ice sheet. The PRODEMs are based on fusion of CryoSat-2 radar altimetry and ICESat-2 laser altimetry. With their high spatial and temporal resolution, the PRODEMs will enable detailed studies of the changes in marginal ice sheet elevations.
Shfaqat A. Khan, Helene Seroussi, Mathieu Morlighem, William Colgan, Veit Helm, Gong Cheng, Danjal Berg, Valentina R. Barletta, Nicolaj K. Larsen, William Kochtitzky, Michiel van den Broeke, Kurt H. Kjær, Andy Aschwanden, Brice Noël, Jason E. Box, Joseph A. MacGregor, Robert S. Fausto, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Ian M. Howat, Kuba Oniszk, Dominik Fahrner, Anja Løkkegaard, Eigil Y. H. Lippert, and Javed Hassan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-348, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-348, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The surface elevation of the Greenland Ice Sheet is changing due to surface mass balance processes and ice dynamics, each exhibiting distinct spatiotemporal patterns. Here, we employ satellite and airborne altimetry data with fine spatial (1 km) and temporal (monthly) resolutions to document this spatiotemporal evolution from 2003 to 2023. This dataset of fine-resolution altimetry data in both space and time will support studies of ice mass loss and useful for GIS ice sheet modelling.
Robert G. Bingham, Julien A. Bodart, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Ailsa Chung, Rebecca J. Sanderson, Johannes C. R. Sutter, Olaf Eisen, Nanna B. Karlsson, Joseph A. MacGregor, Neil Ross, Duncan A. Young, David W. Ashmore, Andreas Born, Winnie Chu, Xiangbin Cui, Reinhard Drews, Steven Franke, Vikram Goel, John W. Goodge, A. Clara J. Henry, Antoine Hermant, Benjamin H. Hills, Nicholas Holschuh, Michelle R. Koutnik, Gwendolyn J.-M. C. Leysinger Vieli, Emma J. Mackie, Elisa Mantelli, Carlos Martín, Felix S. L. Ng, Falk M. Oraschewski, Felipe Napoleoni, Frédéric Parrenin, Sergey V. Popov, Therese Rieckh, Rebecca Schlegel, Dustin M. Schroeder, Martin J. Siegert, Xueyuan Tang, Thomas O. Teisberg, Kate Winter, Shuai Yan, Harry Davis, Christine F. Dow, Tyler J. Fudge, Tom A. Jordan, Bernd Kulessa, Kenichi Matsuoka, Clara J. Nyqvist, Maryam Rahnemoonfar, Matthew R. Siegfried, Shivangini Singh, Verjan Višnjević, Rodrigo Zamora, and Alexandra Zuhr
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2593, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2593, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ice sheets covering Antarctica have built up over millenia through successive snowfall events which become buried and preserved as internal surfaces of equal age detectable with ice-penetrating radar. This paper describes an international initiative to work together on this archival data to build a comprehensive 3-D picture of how old the ice is everywhere across Antarctica, and how this will be used to reconstruct past and predict future ice and climate behaviour.
Mikhail A. Sysoev, Pavel G. Talalay, Xiaopeng Fan, Nan Zhang, Da Gong, Yang Yang, Ting Wang, and Zhipeng Deng
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2024-7, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2024-7, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for GI
Short summary
Short summary
Our research introduces a technology for exploring subglacial lakes while keeping them isolated from surface contamination. The RECoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS) can drill ice both downward and upward, allowing clean water sampling. In some cases, the sonde should drill at specific angles to follow a trajectory, maintain verticality, or bypass obstacles. This paper describes the general principles of steering RECAS by adjusting the drill's heat distribution and the results of the experiments.
Nanna B. Karlsson, Dustin M. Schroeder, Louise Sandberg Sørensen, Winnie Chu, Jørgen Dall, Natalia H. Andersen, Reese Dobson, Emma J. Mackie, Simon J. Köhn, Jillian E. Steinmetz, Angelo S. Tarzona, Thomas O. Teisberg, and Niels Skou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3333–3344, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3333-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3333-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the 1970s, more than 177 000 km of observations were acquired from airborne radar over the Greenland ice sheet. The radar data contain information on not only the thickness of the ice, but also the properties of the ice itself. This information was recorded on film rolls and subsequently stored. In this study, we document the digitization of these film rolls that shed new and unprecedented detailed light on the Greenland ice sheet 50 years ago.
Anja Rutishauser, Kirk M. Scanlan, Baptiste Vandecrux, Nanna B. Karlsson, Nicolas Jullien, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Robert S. Fausto, and Penelope How
The Cryosphere, 18, 2455–2472, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2455-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2455-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland Ice Sheet interior is covered by a layer of firn, which is important for surface meltwater runoff and contributions to global sea-level rise. Here, we combine airborne radar sounding and laser altimetry measurements to delineate vertically homogeneous and heterogeneous firn. Our results reveal changes in firn between 2011–2019, aligning well with known climatic events. This approach can be used to outline firn areas primed for significantly changing future meltwater runoff.
Louise Sandberg Sørensen, Rasmus Bahbah, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Natalia Havelund Andersen, Jade Bowling, Noel Gourmelen, Alex Horton, Nanna B. Karlsson, Amber Leeson, Jennifer Maddalena, Malcolm McMillan, Anne Solgaard, and Birgit Wessel
The Cryosphere, 18, 505–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-505-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-505-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Under the right topographic and hydrological conditions, lakes may form beneath the large ice sheets. Some of these subglacial lakes are active, meaning that they periodically drain and refill. When a subglacial lake drains rapidly, it may cause the ice surface above to collapse, and here we investigate how to improve the monitoring of active subglacial lakes in Greenland by monitoring how their associated collapse basins change over time.
Tong Zhang, William Colgan, Agnes Wansing, Anja Løkkegaard, Gunter Leguy, William H. Lipscomb, and Cunde Xiao
The Cryosphere, 18, 387–402, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The geothermal heat flux determines how much heat enters from beneath the ice sheet, and thus impacts the temperature and the flow of the ice sheet. In this study we investigate how much geothermal heat flux impacts the initialization of the Greenland ice sheet. We use the Community Ice Sheet Model with two different initialization methods. We find a non-trivial influence of the choice of heat flow boundary conditions on the ice sheet initializations for further designs of ice sheet modeling.
Baptiste Vandecrux, Jason E. Box, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe B. Andersen, Nicolas Bayou, William T. Colgan, Nicolas J. Cullen, Robert S. Fausto, Dominik Haas-Artho, Achim Heilig, Derek A. Houtz, Penelope How, Ionut Iosifescu Enescu, Nanna B. Karlsson, Rebecca Kurup Buchholz, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Daniel McGrath, Noah P. Molotch, Bianca Perren, Maiken K. Revheim, Anja Rutishauser, Kevin Sampson, Martin Schneebeli, Sandy Starkweather, Simon Steffen, Jeff Weber, Patrick J. Wright, Henry Jay Zwally, and Konrad Steffen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5467–5489, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5467-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5467-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net) comprises stations that have been monitoring the weather on the Greenland Ice Sheet for over 30 years. These stations are being replaced by newer ones maintained by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS). The historical data were reprocessed to improve their quality, and key information about the weather stations has been compiled. This augmented dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/VVXGUT (Steffen et al., 2022).
Anja Løkkegaard, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Christian Zdanowicz, Gary D. Clow, Martin P. Lüthi, Samuel H. Doyle, Henrik H. Thomsen, David Fisher, Joel Harper, Andy Aschwanden, Bo M. Vinther, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Harry Zekollari, Toby Meierbachtol, Ian McDowell, Neil Humphrey, Anne Solgaard, Nanna B. Karlsson, Shfaqat A. Khan, Benjamin Hills, Robert Law, Bryn Hubbard, Poul Christoffersen, Mylène Jacquemart, Julien Seguinot, Robert S. Fausto, and William T. Colgan
The Cryosphere, 17, 3829–3845, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3829-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3829-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a database compiling 95 ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps. Ice viscosity and hence ice flow are highly sensitive to ice temperature. To highlight the value of the database in evaluating ice flow simulations, profiles from the Greenland ice sheet are compared to a modeled temperature field. Reoccurring discrepancies between modeled and observed temperatures provide insight on the difficulties faced when simulating ice temperatures.
Inès N. Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Erik R. Ivins, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Charles Amory, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Martin Horwath, Ian Joughin, Michalea D. King, Gerhard Krinner, Sophie Nowicki, Anthony J. Payne, Eric Rignot, Ted Scambos, Karen M. Simon, Benjamin E. Smith, Louise S. Sørensen, Isabella Velicogna, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Geruo A, Cécile Agosta, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Alejandro Blazquez, William Colgan, Marcus E. Engdahl, Xavier Fettweis, Rene Forsberg, Hubert Gallée, Alex Gardner, Lin Gilbert, Noel Gourmelen, Andreas Groh, Brian C. Gunter, Christopher Harig, Veit Helm, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Christoph Kittel, Hannes Konrad, Peter L. Langen, Benoit S. Lecavalier, Chia-Chun Liang, Bryant D. Loomis, Malcolm McMillan, Daniele Melini, Sebastian H. Mernild, Ruth Mottram, Jeremie Mouginot, Johan Nilsson, Brice Noël, Mark E. Pattle, William R. Peltier, Nadege Pie, Mònica Roca, Ingo Sasgen, Himanshu V. Save, Ki-Weon Seo, Bernd Scheuchl, Ernst J. O. Schrama, Ludwig Schröder, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Thomas Slater, Giorgio Spada, Tyler C. Sutterley, Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma, Jan Melchior van Wessem, David Wiese, Wouter van der Wal, and Bert Wouters
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1597–1616, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
By measuring changes in the volume, gravitational attraction, and ice flow of Greenland and Antarctica from space, we can monitor their mass gain and loss over time. Here, we present a new record of the Earth’s polar ice sheet mass balance produced by aggregating 50 satellite-based estimates of ice sheet mass change. This new assessment shows that the ice sheets have lost (7.5 x 1012) t of ice between 1992 and 2020, contributing 21 mm to sea level rise.
Eva Friis Møller, Asbjørn Christensen, Janus Larsen, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Mads Hvid Ribergaard, Mikael Sejr, Philip Wallhead, and Marie Maar
Ocean Sci., 19, 403–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Melt from the Greenland ice sheet and sea ice both influence light and nutrient availability in the Arctic coastal ocean. We use a 3D coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model to evaluate the relative importance of these processes for timing, distribution, and magnitude of phytoplankton production in Disko Bay, west Greenland. Our study indicates that decreasing sea ice and more freshwater discharge can work synergistically and increase primary productivity of the coastal ocean around Greenland.
Youhong Sun, Bing Li, Xiaopeng Fan, Yuansheng Li, Guopin Li, Haibin Yu, Hongzhi Li, Dongliang Wang, Nan Zhang, Da Gong, Rusheng Wang, Yazhou Li, and Pavel G. Talalay
The Cryosphere, 17, 1089–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1089-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1089-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The discovery of polar subglacial lakes, rivers and streams has opened a new frontier of science within a short span. We present a new environmentally friendly approach to study subglacial reservoirs based on the concept of freezing-in instrumented probes carrying a tethering power-signal cable. In January 2022, the probe was successfully tested in East Antarctica: it reached the base of the ice sheet and returned to the ice surface with samples of melted water from the basal ice.
Joseph A. MacGregor, Winnie Chu, William T. Colgan, Mark A. Fahnestock, Denis Felikson, Nanna B. Karlsson, Sophie M. J. Nowicki, and Michael Studinger
The Cryosphere, 16, 3033–3049, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3033-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3033-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Where the bottom of the Greenland Ice Sheet is frozen and where it is thawed is not well known, yet knowing this state is increasingly important to interpret modern changes in ice flow there. We produced a second synthesis of knowledge of the basal thermal state of the ice sheet using airborne and satellite observations and numerical models. About one-third of the ice sheet’s bed is likely thawed; two-fifths is likely frozen; and the remainder is too uncertain to specify.
Mimmi Oksman, Anna Bang Kvorning, Signe Hillerup Larsen, Kristian Kjellerup Kjeldsen, Kenneth David Mankoff, William Colgan, Thorbjørn Joest Andersen, Niels Nørgaard-Pedersen, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Naja Mikkelsen, and Sofia Ribeiro
The Cryosphere, 16, 2471–2491, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2471-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2471-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
One of the questions facing the cryosphere community today is how increasing runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet impacts marine ecosystems. To address this, long-term data are essential. Here, we present multi-site records of fjord productivity for SW Greenland back to the 19th century. We show a link between historical freshwater runoff and productivity, which is strongest in the inner fjord – influenced by marine-terminating glaciers – where productivity has increased since the late 1990s.
William Colgan, Agnes Wansing, Kenneth Mankoff, Mareen Lösing, John Hopper, Keith Louden, Jörg Ebbing, Flemming G. Christiansen, Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen, Lillemor Claesson Liljedahl, Joseph A. MacGregor, Árni Hjartarson, Stefan Bernstein, Nanna B. Karlsson, Sven Fuchs, Juha Hartikainen, Johan Liakka, Robert S. Fausto, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Anders Bjørk, Jens-Ove Naslund, Finn Mørk, Yasmina Martos, Niels Balling, Thomas Funck, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Dorthe Petersen, Ulrik Gregersen, Gregers Dam, Tove Nielsen, Shfaqat A. Khan, and Anja Løkkegaard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2209–2238, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We assemble all available geothermal heat flow measurements collected in and around Greenland into a new database. We use this database of point measurements, in combination with other geophysical datasets, to model geothermal heat flow in and around Greenland. Our geothermal heat flow model is generally cooler than previous models of Greenland, especially in southern Greenland. It does not suggest any high geothermal heat flows resulting from Icelandic plume activity over 50 million years ago.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, Xavier Fettweis, Peter L. Langen, Martin Stendel, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Nanna B. Karlsson, Brice Noël, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Anne Solgaard, William Colgan, Jason E. Box, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Michalea D. King, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe Bech Andersen, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5001–5025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate the daily mass balance and its components (surface, marine, and basal mass balance) for the Greenland ice sheet. Our time series begins in 1840 and has annual resolution through 1985 and then daily from 1986 through next week. Results are operational (updated daily) and provided for the entire ice sheet or by commonly used regions or sectors. This is the first input–output mass balance estimate to include the basal mass balance.
Robert S. Fausto, Dirk van As, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Baptiste Vandecrux, Michele Citterio, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe B. Andersen, William Colgan, Nanna B. Karlsson, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Niels J. Korsgaard, Signe H. Larsen, Søren Nielsen, Allan Ø. Pedersen, Christopher L. Shields, Anne M. Solgaard, and Jason E. Box
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3819–3845, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3819-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3819-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) has been measuring climate and ice sheet properties since 2007. Here, we present our data product from weather and ice sheet measurements from a network of automatic weather stations mainly located in the melt area of the ice sheet. Currently the PROMICE automatic weather station network includes 25 instrumented sites in Greenland.
Anne Solgaard, Anders Kusk, John Peter Merryman Boncori, Jørgen Dall, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe B. Andersen, Michele Citterio, Nanna B. Karlsson, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Niels J. Korsgaard, Signe H. Larsen, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3491–3512, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3491-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3491-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The PROMICE Ice Velocity product is a time series of Greenland Ice Sheet ice velocity mosaics spanning September 2016 to present. It is derived from Sentinel-1 SAR data and has a spatial resolution of 500 m. Each mosaic spans 24 d (two Sentinel-1 cycles), and a new one is posted every 12 d (every Sentinel-1A cycle). The spatial comprehensiveness and temporal consistency make the product ideal for monitoring and studying ice-sheet-wide ice discharge and dynamics of glaciers.
Helle Astrid Kjær, Patrick Zens, Ross Edwards, Martin Olesen, Ruth Mottram, Gabriel Lewis, Christian Terkelsen Holme, Samuel Black, Kasper Holst Lund, Mikkel Schmidt, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Bo Vinther, Anders Svensson, Nanna Karlsson, Jason E. Box, Sepp Kipfstuhl, and Paul Vallelonga
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-337, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-337, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We have reconstructed accumulation in 6 firn cores and 8 snow cores in Northern Greenland and compared with a regional Climate model over Greenland. We find the model underestimate precipitation especially in north-eastern part of the ice cap- an important finding if aiming to reconstruct surface mass balance.
Temperatures at 10 meters depth at 6 sites in Greenland were also determined and show a significant warming since the 1990's of 0.9 to 2.5 °C.
Seyedhamidreza Mojtabavi, Frank Wilhelms, Eliza Cook, Siwan M. Davies, Giulia Sinnl, Mathias Skov Jensen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Anders Svensson, Bo M. Vinther, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Gwydion Jones, Nanna B. Karlsson, Sergio Henrique Faria, Vasileios Gkinis, Helle Astrid Kjær, Tobias Erhardt, Sarah M. P. Berben, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Iben Koldtoft, and Sune Olander Rasmussen
Clim. Past, 16, 2359–2380, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2359-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2359-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a first chronology for the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP) over the Holocene and last glacial termination. After field measurements and processing of the ice-core data, the GICC05 timescale is transferred from the NGRIP core to the EGRIP core by means of matching volcanic events and common patterns (381 match points) in the ECM and DEP records. The new timescale is named GICC05-EGRIP-1 and extends back to around 15 kyr b2k.
Pavel Talalay, Yazhou Li, Laurent Augustin, Gary D. Clow, Jialin Hong, Eric Lefebvre, Alexey Markov, Hideaki Motoyama, and Catherine Ritz
The Cryosphere, 14, 4021–4037, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4021-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4021-2020, 2020
Kenneth D. Mankoff, Brice Noël, Xavier Fettweis, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, William Colgan, Ken Kondo, Kirsty Langley, Shin Sugiyama, Dirk van As, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2811–2841, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2811-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2811-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work partitions regional climate model (RCM) runoff from the MAR and RACMO RCMs to hydrologic outlets at the ice margin and coast. Temporal resolution is daily from 1959 through 2019. Spatial grid is ~ 100 m, resolving individual streams. In addition to discharge at outlets, we also provide the streams, outlets, and basin geospatial data, as well as a script to query and access the geospatial or time series discharge data from the data files.
Christine S. Hvidberg, Aslak Grinsted, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Anders Kusk, Jonas Kvist Andersen, Niklas Neckel, Anne Solgaard, Nanna B. Karlsson, Helle Astrid Kjær, and Paul Vallelonga
The Cryosphere, 14, 3487–3502, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3487-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3487-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) extends around 600 km from its onset in the interior of Greenland to the coast. Several maps of surface velocity and topography in Greenland exist, but accuracy is limited due to the lack of validation data. Here we present results from a 5-year GPS survey in an interior section of NEGIS. We use the data to assess a list of satellite-derived ice velocity and surface elevation products and discuss the implications for the ice stream flow in the area.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, Anne Solgaard, William Colgan, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1367–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1367-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We have produced an open and reproducible estimate of Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 to 2020. Our results show three modes at the the total ice sheet scale: steady discharge from 1986 through 2000, increasing discharge from 2000 through 2005, and steady discharge from 2005 through 2019. The behavior of individual sectors and glaciers is more complicated. This work was done to provide a 100 % reproducible estimate to help constrain mass balance and sea-level-rise estimates.
Johannes Sutter, Hubertus Fischer, Klaus Grosfeld, Nanna B. Karlsson, Thomas Kleiner, Brice Van Liefferinge, and Olaf Eisen
The Cryosphere, 13, 2023–2041, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2023-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2023-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic Ice Sheet may have played an important role in moderating the transition between warm and cold climate epochs over the last million years. We find that the Antarctic Ice Sheet grew considerably about 0.9 Myr ago, a time when ice-age–warm-age cycles changed from a
40 000 to a 100 000 year periodicity. Our findings also suggest that ice as old as 1.5 Myr still exists at the bottom of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet despite the major climate reorganisations in the past.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, William Colgan, Anne Solgaard, Nanna B. Karlsson, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Dirk van As, Jason E. Box, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Jeremie Mouginot, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 769–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-769-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-769-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We have produced an open and reproducible estimate of Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through 2017. Our results show three modes at the total ice-sheet scale: steady discharge from 1986 through 2000, increasing discharge from 2000 through 2005, and steady discharge from 2005 through 2017. The behavior of individual sectors and glaciers is more complicated. This work was done to provide a 100 % reproducible estimate to help constrain mass balance and sea-level rise estimates.
Baptiste Vandecrux, Michael MacFerrin, Horst Machguth, William T. Colgan, Dirk van As, Achim Heilig, C. Max Stevens, Charalampos Charalampidis, Robert S. Fausto, Elizabeth M. Morris, Ellen Mosley-Thompson, Lora Koenig, Lynn N. Montgomery, Clément Miège, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen, and Jason E. Box
The Cryosphere, 13, 845–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-845-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-845-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The perennial snow, or firn, on the Greenland ice sheet each summer stores part of the meltwater formed at the surface, buffering the ice sheet’s contribution to sea level. We gathered observations of firn air content, indicative of the space available in the firn to retain meltwater, and find that this air content remained stable in cold regions of the firn over the last 65 years but recently decreased significantly in western Greenland.
Brice Van Liefferinge, Frank Pattyn, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Nanna B. Karlsson, Duncan A. Young, Johannes Sutter, and Olaf Eisen
The Cryosphere, 12, 2773–2787, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2773-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2773-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper provides an important review of the state of knowledge for oldest-ice prospection, but also adds new basal geothermal heat flux constraints from recently acquired high-definition radar data sets. This is the first paper to contrast the two primary target regions for oldest ice: Dome C and Dome Fuji. Moreover, we provide statistical comparisons of all available data sets and a summary of the community's criteria for the retrieval of interpretable oldest ice since the 2013 effort.
Nanna B. Karlsson, Tobias Binder, Graeme Eagles, Veit Helm, Frank Pattyn, Brice Van Liefferinge, and Olaf Eisen
The Cryosphere, 12, 2413–2424, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2413-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2413-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate the probability that the Dome Fuji region in East Antarctica contains ice more than 1.5 Ma old. The retrieval of a continuous ice-core record extending beyond 1 Ma is imperative to understand why the frequency of ice ages changed from 40 to 100 ka approximately 1 Ma ago.
We use a new radar dataset to improve the ice thickness maps, and apply a thermokinematic model to predict basal temperature and age of the ice. Our results indicate several areas of interest.
Kenneth D. Mankoff and Slawek M. Tulaczyk
The Cryosphere, 11, 303–317, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-303-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-303-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
There may be a ~ 7-fold increases in heat at the bed of Greenland by the end of the century due to increased runoff. The impact this will have on the ice is uncertain, but recent results indicate more heat may reduced glacier velocity near the margin, and accelerate it in the interior. We used existing model output of Greenland surface melt, ice sheet surface, and basal topography. All code needed to recreate the results, using free software, is included.
N. B. Karlsson and D. Dahl-Jensen
The Cryosphere, 9, 1465–1479, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1465-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1465-2015, 2015
A. A. Harpold, J. A. Marshall, S. W. Lyon, T. B. Barnhart, B. A. Fisher, M. Donovan, K. M. Brubaker, C. J. Crosby, N. F. Glenn, C. L. Glennie, P. B. Kirchner, N. Lam, K. D. Mankoff, J. L. McCreight, N. P. Molotch, K. N. Musselman, J. Pelletier, T. Russo, H. Sangireddy, Y. Sjöberg, T. Swetnam, and N. West
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2881–2897, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2881-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2881-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This review's objective is to demonstrate the transformative potential of lidar by critically assessing both challenges and opportunities for transdisciplinary lidar applications in geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology. We find that using lidar to its full potential will require numerous advances, including more powerful open-source processing tools, new lidar acquisition technologies, and improved integration with physically based models and complementary observations.
A. Messerli, N. B. Karlsson, and A. Grinsted
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-6235-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-6235-2014, 2014
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
We use 2014 Landsat-8 imagery in combination with a newly developed feature tracking toolbox, ImGRAFT to produce velocity fields and flux for five major Greenland marine terminating glaciers: Helheim, Kangerdlugssuaq, Nioghalvfjerdsbræ, Petermann and Jakobshavn Isbræ. A major finding of the paper documents the increased velocities observed at Jakobshavn Isbræ. We measure velocities over 50m/day which exceed that of the previously recorded maximum.
W. Colgan, S. Luthcke, W. Abdalati, and M. Citterio
The Cryosphere, 7, 1901–1914, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1901-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1901-2013, 2013
Related subject area
System design
Research and application of small-diameter hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurement system
New ring shear deformation apparatus for three-dimensional multiphase experiments: first results
Towards agricultural soil carbon monitoring, reporting, and verification through the Field Observatory Network (FiON)
Development of a new centralized data acquisition system for seismic exploration
An autonomous low-power instrument platform for monitoring water and solid discharges in mesoscale rivers
Instrument observation strategy for a new generation of three-axis-stabilized geostationary meteorological satellites from China
Near-real-time environmental monitoring and large-volume data collection over slow communication links
A new device to mount portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (p-ED-XRF) for semi-continuous analyses of split (sediment) cores and solid samples
The KM3NeT project: status and perspectives
Yimin Liu, Mian Zhang, Yixuan Li, and Huan Chen
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 13, 107–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a serialized small-diameter hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurement system, which enables series measurement of small-sized boreholes for in situ stress and has the advantage of a simple and lightweight structure, short testing time, high success rate, and low requirements for rock integrity and pressurization equipment. This system has important practical value and economic significance for accurately determining the in situ stress state of deep development areas.
Shae McLafferty, Haley Bix, Kyle Bogatz, and Jacqueline E. Reber
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 12, 141–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-141-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-141-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Multiple geologic hazards, such as landslides and earthquakes, arise when solids and fluids coexist and deform together. We designed an experimental apparatus that allows us to observe such deformation in 3D. The first results show how fluids and solids deform and break at the same time, allowing us to study the impact of both materials on deformation distribution and speed. Making these processes visible has the potential to improve risk assessments associated with geological hazards.
Olli Nevalainen, Olli Niemitalo, Istem Fer, Antti Juntunen, Tuomas Mattila, Olli Koskela, Joni Kukkamäki, Layla Höckerstedt, Laura Mäkelä, Pieta Jarva, Laura Heimsch, Henriikka Vekuri, Liisa Kulmala, Åsa Stam, Otto Kuusela, Stephanie Gerin, Toni Viskari, Julius Vira, Jari Hyväluoma, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Annalea Lohila, Tuomas Laurila, Jussi Heinonsalo, Tuula Aalto, Iivari Kunttu, and Jari Liski
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 93–109, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-93-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-93-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Better monitoring of soil carbon sequestration is needed to understand the best carbon farming practices in different soils and climate conditions. We, the Field Observatory Network (FiON), have therefore established a methodology for monitoring and forecasting agricultural carbon sequestration by combining offline and near-real-time field measurements, weather data, satellite imagery, and modeling. To disseminate our work, we built a website called the Field Observatory (fieldobservatory.org).
Feng Guo, Qisheng Zhang, Qimao Zhang, Wenhao Li, Yueyun Luo, Yuefeng Niu, and Shuaiqing Qiao
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 9, 255–266, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-255-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-255-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The CUGB-CS48DAS data acquisition system was primarily designed for seismic purposes. However, we tried to integrate the acquisition circuit for electrical purposes and implemented hardware improvements as well as software updates. Moreover, technology including narrow-band internet of things QC monitoring was also introduced. After a few field tests, the system was proven to be stable and easy to use and has a good application effect in engineering geology, mineral geology, and energy geology.
Guillaume Nord, Yoann Michielin, Romain Biron, Michel Esteves, Guilhem Freche, Thomas Geay, Alexandre Hauet, Cédric Legoût, and Bernard Mercier
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 9, 41–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-41-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-41-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present the development of the RIPLE platform that is designed for the monitoring at high temporal frequency (~ 10 min) of water discharge, solid fluxes (bedload and suspended load) and properties of fine particles (settling velocity) in mesoscale rivers. Many instruments are integrated into this single centralized device, which is autonomous in energy and connected to the 2G/3G network. A user-friendly interface has been developed enabling us to visualize the data collected by the platform.
Jian Shang, Lei Yang, Pan Huang, Huizhi Yang, Chengbao Liu, Jing Wang, Lei Zhao, Shengxiong Zhou, Xiaodong Chen, and Zhiqing Zhang
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 8, 161–175, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-161-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-161-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Towards the complex observation requirements of Fengyun-4 (FY-4) satellites, a new generation of geostationary meteorological satellites from China, instrument observation strategies are proposed on which the instruments' in-orbit daily observations must be based. The strategies have been successfully used in FY-4A in-orbit tests for more than a year. Both the simulation results and in-orbit application results are given to demonstrate the validity of the strategies.
Misha B. Krassovski, Glen E. Lyon, Jeffery S. Riggs, and Paul J. Hanson
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 7, 289–295, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-289-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-289-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change studies are growing and related experiments are getting bigger and more complex. They are often conducted in remote areas where communications are limited. In cases like that the data can be transferred via a satellite connection, but these types of connections are slow. We found that by using the little known possibilities of LoggerNet software (the most popular data logger software in environmental science) it is possible to transfer quite a large amount of data.
Philipp Hoelzmann, Torsten Klein, Frank Kutz, and Brigitta Schütt
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 6, 93–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-93-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-93-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a hands-on, low-cost device (German industrial property right no. 20 2014 106 048.0) that uses common adapters to mount p-ED-XRF devices so that these can provide bulk-sedimentary chemistry data from non-destructive measurements at the surface of a split sediment core or from other solid samples. The strength of combining p-ED-XRF analyses with this new sample chamber is demonstrated by exemplary sediment cores from an archaeological research project.
A. Margiotta
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 2, 35–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-35-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-35-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Aamot, H.: The Philberth probe for investigating polar ice caps, Special Report 119, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 1967.
Aamot, H.: Instrumented probes for deep glacial investigations, J. Glaciol., 7, 321–328, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000031087, 1968.
Aamot, H.: Development of a vertically stabilized thermal probe for studies in and below ice sheets, J. Eng. Ind., 92, 263–268, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3427727, 1970.
Anker, P., Makinson, K., Nicholls, K., and Smith, A.: The BEAMISH hot water drill system and its use on the Rutford Ice Stream, Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 62, 233–249, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.86, 2021.
Bentley, C., Koci, B., Augustin, L., Bolsey, R., Green, J., Kyne, J., Lebar, D., Mason, W., Shturmakov, A., Engelhardt, H., Harrison, W., Hecht, M., and Zagorodnov, V.: Ice drilling and coring, in: Drilling in extreme environments. Penetration and sampling on earth and other planets, edited by: Bar-Cohen, Y. and Zacny, K., Wiley, 221–308, https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527626625.ch4, 2009.
Classen, D.: Thermal drilling and deep ice-temperature measurements on the Fox glacier, Yukon, A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Department of Geophysics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0302225, 1970.
Classen, D.: Temperature profiles for the Barnes ice cap surge zone, J. Glaciol., 18, 391–405, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000021079, 1977.
Colgan, W., MacGregor, J., Mankoff, K., Haagenson, R., Rajaram, H., Martos, Y., Morlighem, M., Fahnestock, M., and Kjeldsen, K.: Topographic Correction of Geothermal Heat Flux in Greenland and Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 126, e2020JF005598, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005598, 2021.
Colgan, W., Shields, C., Lines, A., Elliot, J., and Rajaram, H.: Hotrod melt-tip ice-drilling system, GEUS Dataverse V1 [designs and codes], https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/DXXR06, 2022.
Dachwald, B., Mikucki, J., Tulaczyk, S., Digel, I., Espe, C., Feldmann, M., Francke, G., Kowalski, J., and Xu, C.: IceMole: A maneuverable probe for clean in situ analysis and sampling of subsurface ice and subglacial aquatic ecosystems, Ann. Glaciol., 55, 14–22, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014AoG65A004, 2014.
Fausto, R. S., van As, D., Mankoff, K. D., Vandecrux, B., Citterio, M., Ahlstrøm, A. P., Andersen, S. B., Colgan, W., Karlsson, N. B., Kjeldsen, K. K., Korsgaard, N. J., Larsen, S. H., Nielsen, S., Pedersen, A. Ø., Shields, C. L., Solgaard, A. M., and Box, J. E.: Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) automatic weather station data, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3819–3845, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3819-2021, 2021.
Gerrard, J., Perutz, M., Roch, A., and Taylor, G.: Measurements of the velocity distribution along a vertical line through a glacier, P. R. Soc. A, 213, 546–558, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1952.0144, 1952.
Gillet, F.: Steam, hot-water and electrical thermal drills for temperate glaciers, J. Glaciol., 14, 171–179, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000013484, 1975.
Gillet, F., Rado, C., Marec, G., Maitre, M., Perrin, J., and Ricou, G.: “Climatopic” Thermal Probe, in: Ice Drilling Technology, edited by: Holdsworth, G., Kuivinen, K., and Rand, J., Special Report 84-34, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 1984.
Greenler, L., Benson, T., Cherwinka, J., Elcheikh, A., Feyzi, F., Karle, A., and Paulos, R.: Modeling hole size, lifetime and fuel consumption in hot-water ice drilling, Ann. Glaciol., 55, 115–123, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014AoG68A033, 2014.
Grzés, M.: Non-cored hot point drills on Hans Glaciers (Spitsbergen), method and first results, Pol. Polar Res., 1, 75–85, 1980.
Hansen, B. and Kersten, L.: An in-situ sampling thermal probe, in: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Ice Drilling Technology, edited by: Holdsworth, G., Kuivinen, K., and Rands, J., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 30–31 August 1982, Special Report 84-34, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 1984.
Heinen, D., Linder, P., Zierke, S., and Wiebusch, C.: An efficient melting probe for glacial research, Ann. Glaciol., 62, 171–174, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.28, 2020.
Hills, B., Winebrenner, D., Elam, W., and Kintner, P.: Avoiding slush for hot-point drilling of glacier boreholes, Ann. Glaciol., 62, 166–170, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.70, 2020.
Hooke, R.: University of Minnesota ice drill. Ice-Core Drilling, in: Proceedings of the Symposium of the University of Nebraska, 28–30 August 1974, Lincoln, USA, 47–57, 1976.
Ignatov, V.: Opyt termicheskoy prokhodki ledyanikh skvazhin na stantsii Vostok [Experiment in the thermal drilling of holes in the ice at Vostok Station], Informatsionny Byulleten' Sovetkoj Antarkticheskoj ekspeditsii [Soviet Antarctic Expedition Information Bulletin], 22, 50–52, 1960.
Kasser, P.: Ein leichter thermischer Eisbohrer als Hilfsgerät zur Installation von Ablationsstagen auf Gletschern, Geofisica Pura e Applicata, 45, 97–114, 1960.
Kelty, J.: An in situ sampling thermal probe for studying global ice sheets, PhD Dissertation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA, 1995.
Kotlyakov, V.: Glyatsiologiya Shpitsbergena [Glaciology of Spitsbergen], Nauka, Moscow, 20 pp., 1985.
LaChapelle, E.: Instruments and Methods: A Simple Thermal Ice Drill, J. Glaciol., 4, 637–642, https://doi.org/10.3189/S002214300002815X, 1963.
Langeway, C.: The history of early polar ice cores, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 52, 101–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2008.01.001, 2008.
Li, Y., Talalay, P., Sysoev, M., Zagorodnov, V., Li, X., and Fan, X.: Thermal Heads for Melt Drilling to Subglacial Lakes: Design and Testing, Astrobiology, 20, 142–156, https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2019.2103, 2020.
Li, Y., Fan, X., Talalay, P., Dou, Y., Lu, S., Kang, S., Li, X., and Hong, J.: Shallow hotpoint drill system for active layer temperature measurement along Zhongshan–Dome A traverse, Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 62, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.87, 2021a.
Li, Y., Talalay, P., Fan, X., Li, B., and Hong, J.: Modeling of hot-point drilling in ice, Ann. Glaciol., 62, 360–373, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2021.16, 2021b.
Løkkegaard, A., Mankoff, K., Zdanowicz, C., Clow, G. D., Lüthi, M. P., Doyle, S., Thomsen, H., Fisher, D., Harper, J., Aschwanden, A., Vinther, B. M., Dahl-Jensen, D., Zekollari, H., Meierbachtol, T., McD
owell, I., Humphrey, N., Solgaard, A., Karlsson, N. B., Khan, S. A., Hills, B., Law, R., Hubbard, B., Christoffersen, P., Jacquemart, M., Fausto, R. S., and Colgan, W. T.: Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles, The Cryosphere Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2022-138, in review, 2022.
MacGregor, J. A., Chu, W., Colgan, W. T., Fahnestock, M. A., Felikson, D., Karlsson, N. B., Nowicki, S. M. J., and Studinger, M.: GBaTSv2: a revised synthesis of the likely basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet, The Cryosphere, 16, 3033–3049, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3033-2022, 2022.
Mathews, W.: Glaciological research in Western Canada in 1956, Canadian Alpine Journal, 40, 94–96, 1957.
Miller, M.: The application of electro-thermic boring methods to englacial research with special reference to the Juneau Icefield investigations in 1952–53, Report No. 4, Project ONR-86, Arctic Institute of North America, 1953.
Morev, V.: Elektrotermobury dlia bureniia skvazhin v lednikovom pokrove [Electric thermal drills for glacier core drilling], Akademiya nauk SSSR, Institut geografii, Materialy gliatsiologicheskikh issledovanii [Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Institute of Geography, Data of Glaciological Studies], 28, 118–120, 1976.
Morton, B. and Lightfoot, R.: A prototype meltsonde probe-design and experience, Technical Note 14, Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Science, 1975.
Negre, B.: Sondages Thermiques. Rapport Preliminaire de la Campagne au Groenland, 1949, Serie Scientifique, No. 10, Expéditions Françaises, 28–30, 1950.
Nizery, A.: Electrothermic rig for the boring of glaciers, EOS T. Am. Geophys. Un., 32, 66–72, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR032i001p00066, 1951.
Peng, S., Jiang, X., Tang, Y., Li, C., Li, X., Huang, S., Zhu, T., Shi, J., Sun, Y., Talalay, P., Fan, X., Zhang, N., Li, B., Gong, D., and Yu, H.: Recoverable autonomous sonde for subglacial lake exploration: electronic control system design, Ann. Glaciol., 62, 263–279, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2021.1, 2021.
Philberth, K.: The thermal probe deep-drilling method by EGIG in 1968 at Station Jarl-Joset, Central Greenland, in: Ice-core drilling: Proceedings of the Symposium, edited by: Splettstoesser, J. F., 28–30 August 1974, University of Nebraska Press, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA, 117–132, 1974.
Ryumin, A., Nozdryukhin, V., and Emel'yanov, Y.: Stroenie lednika Abramova po dannym radiolokatsionnogo zondirovaniya [Structure of Abramov Glacier according with radar sounding], Trudy SARNIGMI [Transactions of Middle-East Regional Research Hydro-Meteorological Institute], 14, 27–35, 1974.
Schytt, V. and Ekman, S.: Notes on glaciological activities in Kebnekajse, Sweden. Thermal drilling in Insfallglaciären, Kebnekajsę, Geogr. Ann., 43, 422, https://doi.org/10.1080/20014422.1961.11881000, 1961.
Sharp, R.: Thermal Regimen of Firn on Upper Seward Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada, J. Glaciol., 1, 476–487, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000026460, 1951.
Shreve, R.: Theory of performance of isothermal solid-nose hotpoints boring in temperate ice, J. Glaciol., 4, 151–160, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000027362, 1962.
Shreve, R. and Sharp, R.: Internal Deformation and Thermal Anomalies in Lower Blue Glacier, Mount Olympus, Washington, USA, J. Glaciol., 9, 65–86, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000026800, 1970.
Siegert, M., Alley, R., Rignot, E., Englander, J., and Corell, R.: Twenty-first century sea-level rise could exceed IPCC projections for strong-warming futures, One Earth, 3, 691–703, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.11.002, 2020.
Stacey, J.: Instruments and Methods: A Prototype Hotpoint for Thermal Boring on the Athabaska Glacier, J. Glaciol., 3, 783–786, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000018098, 1960.
Stone, W., Hogan, B., Siegel, V., Lelievre, S., and Flesher, C.: Progress towards an optically powered cryobot, Ann. Glaciol., 55, 2–13, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014AoG65A200, 2014.
Stone, W., Hogan, B., Harman, J., Flesher, C., Clark, E., Pradhan, O., Gasiewski, A., Howe, S., and Howe, T.: Project VALKYRIE: laser-powered cryobots and other methods for penetrating deep ice on ocean worlds, in: Outer solar system, edited by: Badescu, V. and Zacny, K., Springer, 47–165, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73845-1_4, 2018.
Sukhanov, L., Morev, V., and Zotikov, I.: Potativnye ledovye elektrobury [Portable thermo-electric ice drills], Akademiya nauk SSSR, Institut geografii, Materialy gliatsiologicheskikh issledovanii [Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Institute of Geography, Data of Glaciological Studies], 23, 234–238, 1974.
Suto, Y., Saito, S., Osada, K., Takahashi, H., Motoyama, H., Fujii, Y., and Tanaka, Y.: Laboratory experiments and thermal calculations for the development of a next-generation glacier-ice exploration system: development of an electro-thermal drilling device, Polar Sci., 2, 15–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2008.02.002, 2008.
Talalay, P.: Hot-Point Drills, in: Thermal Ice Drilling Technology, Springer Geophysics, Springer, 1–80, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8848-4_1, 2019.
Talalay, P., Li, Y., Sysoev, A. A., Hong, J., Li, X., and Fan, X.: Thermal tips for ice hot-point drilling: Experiments and preliminary thermal modeling, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 160, 97–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.01.015, 2019.
Taylor, P.: Solid-nose and coring thermal drills for temperate ice, Ice-Core Drilling, Proceedings of the Symposium of the University of Nebraska, 28–30 August 1974, Lincoln, USA, 167–177, 1976.
Ulamec, S., Biele, J., Funke, O., and Engelhardt, M.: Access to glacial and subglacial environments in the solar system by melting probe technology, Life in Extreme Environments, Springer, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6285-8_1, 2007.
Vandecrux, B., MacFerrin, M., Machguth, H., Colgan, W. T., van As, D., Heilig, A., Stevens, C. M., Charalampidis, C., Fausto, R. S., Morris, E. M., Mosley-Thompson, E., Koenig, L., Montgomery, L. N., Miège, C., Simonsen, S. B., Ingeman-Nielsen, T., and Box, J. E.: Firn data compilation reveals widespread decrease of firn air content in western Greenland, The Cryosphere, 13, 845–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-845-2019, 2019.
Wade, F.: The physical aspects of the Ross Shelf Ice, P. Am. Philos. Soc., 89, 160–173, 1945.
Wang, R., Liu, A., Sun, Y., Cao, P., Fan, X., and Talalay, P.: Ice drill testing facility, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 145, 151–159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.10.017, 2018.
Ward, W.: The Glaciological Studies of the Baffin Island Expedition, 1950: Part III: Equipment and Techniques, J. Glaciol., 2, 115–121, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000034079, 1952.
Ward, W.: Experiences with electro-thermal ice drills on Austerdalsbre, 1956–59, IASH Publication Number 54, Union Geodesique et Geophysique Internationale, Commission des Neiges et Glaces, 532–542, 1961.
Weinstock, L., Zierke, S., Eliseev, D., Linder, P., Vollbrecht, C., Heinen, D., and Wiebusch, C.: The Autonomous Pinger Unit of the Acoustic Navigation Network in EnEx-RANGE: an autonomous in-ice melting probe with acoustic instrumentation, Ann. Glaciol., 62, 89–98, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.67, 2021.
Winebrenner, D., Elam, W., Miller, V., and Carpenter, M.: A thermal ice-melt probe for exploration of Earth-analogs to Mars, Europa and Enceladus, in: 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 18–22 March 2013, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 2013.
Wirtz, M. and Hildebrandt, M.: IceShuttle Teredo: an ice-penetrating robotic system to transport an exploration AUV into the ocean of Jupiter's Moon Europa, in: Proceedings of the 67th International Astronautical Congress, 26–30 September 2016, Guadalajara, Mexico, 2016.
Zagorodnov, V., Zotikov, I., and Barbash, V.: O termoburenii na lednike Obrucheva [Thermal drilling on the Obruchev glacier]. Akademiya nauk SSSR, Institut geografii, Materialy gliatsiologicheskikh issledovanii [Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Institute of Geography, Data of Glaciological Studies], 28, 112–118, 1976.
Zagorodnov, V., More, V., Nagornov, O., Kelley, J., Gosink, T., and Koci, B.: Hydrophilic liquid in glacier boreholes, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 22, 243–251, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(94)90003-5, 1994.
Zagorodnov, V., Tyler, S., Holland, D., Stern, A., Thompson, L., Sladek, C., Kobs, S., and Nicolas, J.: New technique for access-borehole drilling in shelf glaciers using lightweight drills, J. Glaciol., 60, 935–944, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG13J211, 2014.
Zeibig, M. and Delisle, G.: Drilling into Antarctic ice – the new BGR ice drill, Polarforschung, 62, 147–150, https://doi.org/10.2312/polarforschung.62.2-3.147, 1994.
Zhang, N., Liu, H., Talalay, P., Sun, Y., Li, N., Fan, X., Li, B., Gong, D., Hong, J., Wang, T., Liu, A., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, R., Yang, Y., and Wang, L.: New synthetic fiber armored cable for freezing-in thermal ice probes, Ann. Glaciol., 62, 179–190, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.74, 2021.
Zimmerman, W., Bontiz, R., and Feldman, J.: Cryobot; an ice penetrating robotic vehicle for Mars and Europa, IEEE Aerospace Conference, 1, 10–17 March 2001, Big Sky, Montana, 311–323, https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2001.931722, 2001.
Zotikov, I.: Antifreeze-thermodrilling for core through the central part of the Ross Ice Shelf (J-9 Camp), Antarctica, Report 79-24, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 1979.
Executive editor
The authors have developed a groundbreaking system to investigate the thermal structure of ice sheets, which plays a crucial role in their deformation and, ultimately, their stability. The tangible nature of this cabled system, along with its profound implications for measurements, makes this paper exceptionally intriguing and deserving of special attention.
The authors have developed a groundbreaking system to investigate the thermal structure of ice...
Short summary
We describe a new drill for glaciers and ice sheets. Instead of drilling down into the ice, via mechanical action, our drill melts into the ice. Our goal is simply to pull a cable of temperature sensors on a one-way trip down to the ice–bed interface. Here, we describe the design and testing of our drill. Under laboratory conditions, our melt-tip drill has an efficiency of ∼ 35 % with a theoretical maximum penetration rate of ∼ 12 m h−1. Under field conditions, our efficiency is just ∼ 15 %.
We describe a new drill for glaciers and ice sheets. Instead of drilling down into the ice, via...
