Articles | Volume 12, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-259-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-259-2023
Research article
 | 
15 Dec 2023
Research article |  | 15 Dec 2023

3D-printed Ag–AgCl electrodes for laboratory measurements of self-potential

Thomas S. L. Rowan, Vilelmini A. Karantoni, Adrian P. Butler, and Matthew D. Jackson

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Cited articles

Adamski, K., Kawa, B., and Walczak, R.: 3D Printed Flowmeter Based on Venturi Effect with Integrated Pressure Sensors, Sensors MDPI, 2, 1509, https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131509, 2018. 
Al Mahrouqi, D., Vinogradov, J., and Jackson, M. D.: Zeta potential of artificial and natural calcite in aqueous solution, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 240, 60–76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2016.12.006, 2017. 
Aubert, M. and Atangana, Q. Y.: Self-Potential Method in Hydrogeological Exploration of Volcanic Areas, Groundwater, 34, 1010–1016, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02166.x, 1996. 
Bogoslovsky, V. V. and Ogilvy, A. A.: Deformations of natural electric fields near drainage structures, Geophys. Prospect., 21, 716–723, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1973.tb00053.x, 1973. 
Bolèkve, J., Revil, A., Janod, F., Mattiuzzo, J. L., and Fry, J.: Preferential fluid flow pathways in embankment dams imaged by self-potential tomography, Near Surf. Geophys., 7, 1569–4445, https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2009012, 2009. 
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Short summary
This paper presents a design for a 3D-printed rechargeable electrode that measures self-potential (SP) in different types of laboratory experiments. It is small, cheap, robust, and stable, and it offers the same performance as custom-machined laboratory standards. The use of 3D printing technology makes the electrode more versatile and cost-effective than traditional laboratory standards. Examples of its use under both low and high pressure have been included, as have 3D-printable designs.