Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems
Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems
GI
Articles | Volume 14, issue 2
Articles | Volume 14, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-14-139-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-14-139-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 14, issue 2
Research article
 | 
03 Jul 2025
Research article |  | 03 Jul 2025

A high-duty-cycle transmitter unit for steady-state surface NMR instruments

Nikhil B. Gaikwad, Lichao Liu, Matthew P. Griffiths, Denys Grombacher, and Jakob Juul Larsen

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Beauchamp, R. M., Arumugam, D. D., Burgin, M. S., Bush, J. D., Khazendar, A., Gim, Y., Almorqi, S., Almalki, M., Almutairi, Y. A., Alsama, A. A., and Alanezi, A. G.: Can Airborne Ground Penetrating Radars Explore Groundwater in Hyper-Arid Regions?, IEEE Access, 6, 27736–27759, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2840038, 2018. a
Behroozmand, A. A., Keating, K., and Auken, E.: A review of the principles and applications of the NMR technique for near-surface characterization, Surv. Geophys., 36, 27–85, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-014-9304-0, 2015. a, b, c
Binley, A., Hubbard, S. S., Huisman, J. A., Revil, A., Robinson, D. A., Singha, K., and Slater, L. D.: The emergence of hydrogeophysics for improved understanding of subsurface processes over multiple scales, Water Resour. Res., 51, 3837–3866, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015282, 2015. a
Carr, H. Y.: Steady-state free precession in nuclear magnetic resonance, Phys. Rev., 112, 1693–1701, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.112.1693, 1958. a
Chen, H., Yang, J., and Xu, S.: Electrothermal-Based Junction Temperature Estimation Model for Converter of Switched Reluctance Motor Drive System, IEEE T. Ind. Electron., 67, 874–883, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2019.2898600, 2020. a
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This work presents simulations, modelling, and experimental verification of a novel steady-state surface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) transmitter used for the non-invasive exploration of groundwater. The paper focuses on three main aspects of high-current transmitter instrumentation: thermal management, current-drooping, and pulse stability. This work will interest readers involved in geoscientific instrument prototyping for groundwater exploration using portable geoscientific instruments.
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