Articles | Volume 15, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-195-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-195-2026
Research article
 | 
06 Jul 2026
Research article |  | 06 Jul 2026

Causal and uncertainty-aware digital-twin framework for ultra–low-noise geoscientific inertial sensors

Antonino D'Alessandro

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Short summary
Instruments that measure extremely small ground motions are vital for monitoring earthquakes, volcanoes, and slow Earth deformation. This study presents a virtual modelling approach that predicts sensor performance before construction. By accounting for physical limits, electronic effects, and uncertainty, the method clarifies what truly limits sensitivity and how designs can be improved, supporting the development of more accurate and robust tools for Earth science.
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