Articles | Volume 6, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-103-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-103-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Feb 2017
Research article |
| 24 Feb 2017
The MetNet vehicle: a lander to deploy environmental stations for local and global investigations of Mars
Research Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Konstantin Pichkadze
Planetary Systems Department, Lavochkin Association, Moscow, Russia
Lev Zeleny
Planetary Science Laboratory, Russian Space Research Center (IKI), Moscow, Russia
Luis Vazquez
Computational Mathematics Dept, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Walter Schmidt
Research Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Sergey Alexashkin
Planetary Systems Department, Lavochkin Association, Moscow, Russia
Oleg Korablev
Planetary Science Laboratory, Russian Space Research Center (IKI), Moscow, Russia
Hector Guerrero
Microelectronics Department, Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain
Jyri Heilimo
Research Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Mikhail Uspensky
Research Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Valery Finchenko
Planetary Systems Department, Lavochkin Association, Moscow, Russia
Vyacheslav Linkin
Planetary Science Laboratory, Russian Space Research Center (IKI), Moscow, Russia
Ignacio Arruego
Microelectronics Department, Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain
Maria Genzer
Research Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Alexander Lipatov
Planetary Science Laboratory, Russian Space Research Center (IKI), Moscow, Russia
Jouni Polkko
Research Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Mark Paton
Research Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Hannu Savijärvi
Dept of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland
Harri Haukka
Research Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Tero Siili
Research Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Vladimir Khovanskov
Planetary Systems Department, Lavochkin Association, Moscow, Russia
Boris Ostesko
Planetary Systems Department, Lavochkin Association, Moscow, Russia
Andrey Poroshin
Dauria Ltd, Moscow, Russia
Marina Diaz-Michelena
Microelectronics Department, Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain
Timo Siikonen
Finflo Ltd, Espoo, Finland
Matti Palin
Finflo Ltd, Espoo, Finland
Viktor Vorontsov
Planetary Systems Department, Lavochkin Association, Moscow, Russia
Alexander Polyakov
Planetary Systems Department, Lavochkin Association, Moscow, Russia
Francisco Valero
Computational Mathematics Dept, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Osku Kemppinen
Research Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Jussi Leinonen
Research Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Pilar Romero
Computational Mathematics Dept, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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A software application for streamlining investigations of the Martian atmosphere is described. The main components are a 1-D model of the Martian atmosphere, observations of the Martian atmosphere and a software wrapper. We verify our model using the application. The model and observations agree except over the winter solstice where mechanical heating of the atmosphere, from downward flowing air, is likely warming the atmosphere. We update our model to include this effect.
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The new wind reconstruction algorithm developed in this article extends the amount of available sols from the Viking Lander 1 (VL1) mission from 350 to 2245. The reconstruction of wind measurement data enables the study of both short-term phenomena, such as daily variations in wind conditions or dust devils, and long-term phenomena, such as the seasonal variations in Martian tides.
J. Köhler, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, J. Appel, B. Ehresmann, C. Zeitlin, D. M. Hassler, G. Reitz, D. E. Brinza, S. Böttcher, E. Böhm, S. Burmeister, J. Guo, A.-M. Harri, H. Kahanpää, J. Krauss, H. Lohf, C. Martin, D. Matthiä, A. Posner, and S. Rafkin
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J. Köhler, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, J. Appel, B. Ehresmann, C. Zeitlin, D. M. Hassler, G. Reitz, D. E. Brinza, S. Böttcher, E. Böhm, S. Burmeister, J. Guo, A.-M. Harri, H. Kahanpää, J. Krauss, H. Lohf, C. Martin, D. Matthiä, A. Posner, and S. Rafkin
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We find that the RAD electron/positron measurements agree well with the spectra predicted by Planetocosmics.
O. Kemppinen, T. Nousiainen, and G. Y. Jeong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12011–12027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12011-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12011-2015, 2015
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Internal structures are common in atmospheric dust particles, yet their effects on light scattering are largely unstudied. In this work, we study how hematite nodes, internal voids and hematite-rich coating impact single-scattering properties of computationally generated irregular model particles. The results show that all of these features change scattering properties significantly, and that a simple effective-medium approximation is not enough to replicate the scattering properties.
O. Kemppinen, T. Nousiainen, S. Merikallio, and P. Räisänen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11117–11132, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11117-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11117-2015, 2015
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Combinations of simple mathematical model shapes called ellipsoids are used in many remote sensing and modeling applications to denote dust particles. In this study we investigate how accurately various physical parameters can be retrieved by using ellipsoids. The results show that using ellipsoids can lead to wrong results, while at the same time seeming like they work well. This means that extreme care should be used when using ellipsoids for dust, and extra validation measures should be used.
M. Díaz-Michelena, R. Sanz, M. F. Cerdán, and A. B. Fernández
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 4, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-4-1-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-4-1-2015, 2015
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In situ magnetometry is key for planetary mineralogy. However, since magnetic instrumentation is considered secondary in Mars and Moon landers and rovers, magnetometers have often very restricted envelopes of mass, volume and power, and consequently limited functionality.
In this work, it is presented the capability of MOURA small magnetometer and gradiometer to open a wide and novel scientific research on Mars mineralogy and paleomagnetism through the very complex calibration process.
E. Nielsen and W. Schmidt
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 5, 63–72, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-5-63-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-5-63-2014, 2014
I. Y. Vasko, A. V. Artemyev, A. A. Petrukovich, R. Nakamura, and L. M. Zelenyi
Ann. Geophys., 32, 133–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-133-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-133-2014, 2014
A. V. Artemyev, A. I. Neishtadt, and L. M. Zelenyi
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 20, 899–919, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-20-899-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-20-899-2013, 2013
A. V. Artemyev, A. A. Petrukovich, R. Nakamura, and L. M. Zelenyi
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1109–1114, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1109-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1109-2013, 2013
O. Kemppinen, J. E. Tillman, W. Schmidt, and A.-M. Harri
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 2, 61–69, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-61-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-61-2013, 2013
M. D. Paton, A.-M. Harri, T. Mäkinen, and H. Savijärvi
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 2, 17–27, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-17-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-17-2013, 2013
Related subject area
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Multiresolution wavelet analysis applied to GRACE range-rate residuals
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TARANIS XGRE and IDEE detection capability of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and associated electron beams
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One-chip analog circuits for a new type of plasma wave receiver on board space missions
Mass spectrometry of planetary exospheres at high relative velocity: direct comparison of open- and closed-source measurements
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High-frequency performance of electric field sensors aboard the RESONANCE satellite
COSIMA data analysis using multivariate techniques
CLUSTER–STAFF search coil magnetometer calibration – comparisons with FGM
In-flight calibration of double-probe electric field measurements on Cluster
In-flight calibration of the Cluster PEACE sensors
In-flight calibration of the Hot Ion Analyser on board Cluster
Background subtraction for the Cluster/CODIF plasma ion mass spectrometer
Interpretation of Cluster WBD frequency conversion mode data
Enhanced timing accuracy for Cluster data
In-flight calibration of the Cluster/CODIF sensor
Calibration of non-ideal thermal conductivity sensors
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Sylvain Ranvier and Jean-Pierre Lebreton
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 12, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-1-2023, 2023
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Adam J. Hepburn, Tom Holt, Bryn Hubbard, and Felix Ng
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 8, 293–313, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-293-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-293-2019, 2019
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Currently, there exist thousands of unprocessed stereo pairs of satellite imagery which can be used to create models of the surface of Mars. This paper sets out a new open–source and free to use pipeline for creating these models. Our pipeline produces models of comparable quality to the limited number released to date but remains free to use and easily implemented by researchers, who may not necessarily have prior experience of DEM creation.
Saniya Behzadpour, Torsten Mayer-Gürr, Jakob Flury, Beate Klinger, and Sujata Goswami
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 8, 197–207, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-197-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-197-2019, 2019
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In this paper, we present an approach to represent underlying errors in measurements and physical models in the temporal gravity field determination using GRACE observations. This study provides an opportunity to improve the error model and the accuracy of the GRACE parameter estimation, as well as its successor GRACE Follow-On.
Richard Larsson, Yasuko Kasai, Takeshi Kuroda, Shigeru Sato, Takayoshi Yamada, Hiroyuki Maezawa, Yutaka Hasegawa, Toshiyuki Nishibori, Shinichi Nakasuka, and Paul Hartogh
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 7, 331–341, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-331-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-331-2018, 2018
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We are planning a Mars mission. The mission will carry an instrument capable of measuring and mapping molecular oxygen and water in the Martian atmosphere, as well as the temperature, wind, and magnetic field. Water and oxygen are vital parts of the Martian atmospheric chemistry and must be better understood. Using computer simulation results, the paper gives a description of how the measurements will work, some problems we expect to encounter, and the sensitivity of the measurements.
David Sarria, Francois Lebrun, Pierre-Louis Blelly, Remi Chipaux, Philippe Laurent, Jean-Andre Sauvaud, Lubomir Prech, Pierre Devoto, Damien Pailot, Jean-Pierre Baronick, and Miles Lindsey-Clark
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 6, 239–256, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-239-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-239-2017, 2017
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The TARANIS spacecraft will be launched at the end of 2018. It is one of the first dedicated to the study of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGF) and associated electrons (TEB), produced by thunderstorms. We present two of the six instruments on board the TARANIS spacecraft: a gamma-ray and energetic electron detector (XGRE) and an electron detector (IDEE). We compare them to other instruments that have already detected TGF and TEB, and use them to estimate the detection rate of TARANIS.
Tuomas Kynkäänniemi, Osku Kemppinen, Ari-Matti Harri, and Walter Schmidt
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 6, 217–229, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-217-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-217-2017, 2017
Short summary
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The new wind reconstruction algorithm developed in this article extends the amount of available sols from the Viking Lander 1 (VL1) mission from 350 to 2245. The reconstruction of wind measurement data enables the study of both short-term phenomena, such as daily variations in wind conditions or dust devils, and long-term phenomena, such as the seasonal variations in Martian tides.
Takahiro Zushi, Hirotsugu Kojima, and Hiroshi Yamakawa
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 6, 159–167, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-159-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-159-2017, 2017
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Plasma waves are important observational targets for scientific missions investigating space plasma phenomena. Conventional plasma wave receivers have the disadvantages of a large size and a narrow dynamic range. We proposes a new receiver that overcomes the disadvantages of conventional receivers. The analog section of the new receiver was realized using application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) technology in order to reduce the size, and an ASIC chip was successfully developed.
Stefan Meyer, Marek Tulej, and Peter Wurz
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 6, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-1-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-1-2017, 2017
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We developed a prototype of the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass spectrometer (NIM) of the Particle Environment Package (PEP) for the JUICE mission of ESA. NIM will be used to measure the chemical composition of the exospheres of the icy Jovian moons. The NIM prototype was successfully tested under realistic conditions and we find that the closed source behaves as expected within the JUICE mission phase velocities. No additional fragmentation of the species recorded with the closed source is observed.
Patrick Tiefenbacher, Norbert I. Kömle, Wolfgang Macher, and Günter Kargl
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 5, 383–401, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-383-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-383-2016, 2016
H. J. Lehto, B. Zaprudin, K. M. Lehto, T. Lönnberg, J. Silén, J. Rynö, H. Krüger, M. Hilchenbach, and J. Kissel
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 4, 139–148, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-4-139-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-4-139-2015, 2015
M. Sampl, W. Macher, C. Gruber, T. Oswald, M. Kapper, H. O. Rucker, and M. Mogilevsky
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 4, 81–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-4-81-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-4-81-2015, 2015
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We present the high-frequency properties of the eight electric field sensors as proposed to be launched on the spacecraft “RESONANCE” in the near future. Due to the close proximity of the conducting spacecraft body, the sensors (antennas) have complex receiving features and need to be well understood for an optimal mission and spacecraft design. In particular techniques like wave polarization analysis and incident direction finding depend crucially on the presented antenna characteristics.
J. Silén, H. Cottin, M. Hilchenbach, J. Kissel, H. Lehto, S. Siljeström, and K. Varmuza
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 4, 45–56, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-4-45-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-4-45-2015, 2015
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COSIMA, an advanced TOF-SIMS instrument measuring the mass spectrum of dust grains collected at comet P67 by the ROSETTA spacecraft, is predicted to encounter complex mixtures of minerals and organic compounds. To extract information from this data set, we have developed a multivariate technique tested on laboratory measurements made by an identical instrument under controlled conditions. We have shown that minerals can be identified and separated with high level of confidence.
P. Robert, N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin, R. Piberne, Y. de Conchy, C. Lacombe, V. Bouzid, B. Grison, D. Alison, and P. Canu
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 3, 153–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-153-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-153-2014, 2014
Y. V. Khotyaintsev, P.-A. Lindqvist, C. M. Cully, A. I. Eriksson, and M. André
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 3, 143–151, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-143-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-143-2014, 2014
N. Doss, A. N. Fazakerley, B. Mihaljčić, A. D. Lahiff, R. J. Wilson, D. Kataria, I. Rozum, G. Watson, and Y. Bogdanova
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 3, 59–70, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-59-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-59-2014, 2014
A. Blagau, I. Dandouras, A. Barthe, S. Brunato, G. Facskó, and V. Constantinescu
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 3, 49–58, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-49-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-49-2014, 2014
C. G. Mouikis, L. M. Kistler, G. Wang, and Y. Liu
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 3, 41–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-41-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-41-2014, 2014
J. S. Pickett, I. W. Christopher, and D. L. Kirchner
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 3, 21–27, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-21-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-21-2014, 2014
K. H. Yearby, S. N. Walker, and M. A. Balikhin
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 2, 323–328, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-323-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-323-2013, 2013
L. M. Kistler, C. G. Mouikis, and K. J. Genestreti
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 2, 225–235, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-225-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-225-2013, 2013
N. I. Kömle, W. Macher, G. Kargl, and M. S. Bentley
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 2, 151–156, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-151-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-151-2013, 2013
M. D. Paton, A.-M. Harri, T. Mäkinen, and S. F. Green
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 1, 7–21, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-1-7-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-1-7-2012, 2012
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Short summary
Investigations of Mars – its atmosphere, surface and interior – require simultaneous, distributed in situ measurements. We have developed an innovative prototype of the Mars Network Lander (MNL), a small lander/penetrator with a 20 % payload mass fraction. MNL features an innovative Entry, Descent and Landing System to increase reliability and reduce the system mass. It is ideally suited for piggy-backing on spacecraft, for network missions and pathfinders for high-value landed missions.
Investigations of Mars – its atmosphere, surface and interior – require simultaneous,...
