Ultra-low frequency (ULF) signals are observed using ground based magnetometers. We apply four years of data from West Greenland in a statistical analysis of ULF signal distribution as a function of season, latitude, local time, and solar wind conditions. We identify a ULF signal population associated with the magnetospheric cusp that is separate from the auroral oval during summer. Earlier studies, which were mainly performed in winter, failed to unambiguously identify these signals.

Our research explores the shock aurora, which is typically observed on the dayside due to the rapid compression of the Earth's magnetic field. We observed this rare aurora on the nightside, a region where such events are difficult to detect. Using ground-based cameras, we identified new features, including leaping and vortex-like patterns. These findings offer a fresh insight into the interactions between the solar wind and the magnetosphere, enhancing our understanding of space weather and its effects.