We installed six automatic weather stations from 3,810 m to 8,810 m on Mount Everest region to better understand weather conditions at high altitudes. These measurements reveal how temperature, humidity, and wind changes with height and season. Our results show differences between observations and widely used ERA5 datasets. This improved knowledge helps scientists better understand mountain weather and climate, climate change and supports water resource planning for communities downstream.

Using satellite imagery and machine learning, we created the first Greenland-wide dataset of slush. We found that it covers about three percent of the ice sheet each summer and expands in area and to higher elevations in years of high melt. Slush influences ice sheet mass loss, and our maps help to improve understanding of meltwater processes in a warming climate. 

Glaciers in the Himalaya are rapidly losing ice in response to climate change. We use a representation of mesoscale meteorological variables to force a climate-glacier model that represents important surface processes such as sublimation, avalanching, and the evolution of supraglacial debris. We find that warming air temperatures increase annual precipitation sufficiently to offset half of glacier volume loss by the end of the century compared with simulations forced only by temperature change.

We studied snow processes in the accumulation area of Mera Glacier (central Himalaya, Nepal) by deploying a cosmic ray counting sensor that allows one to track the evolution of snow water equivalent. We suspect significant surface melting, water percolation, and refreezing within the snowpack, which might be missed by traditional mass balance surveys.

This paper introduces the AtsMOS workflow, a new tool for improving weather forecasts in mountainous areas. By combining advanced statistical techniques with local weather data, AtsMOS can provide more accurate predictions of weather conditions. Using data from Mount Everest as an example, AtsMOS has shown promise in better forecasting hazardous weather conditions, making it a valuable tool for communities in mountainous regions and beyond.