Articles | Volume 15, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-89-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-15-89-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Mar 2026
Research article |
| 19 Mar 2026
| 19 Mar 2026
Modernizing GNSS data acquisition, pre-processing, and distribution at volcanological observatories
Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, IGN, 75005 Paris, France
Patrice Boissier
Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, IGN, 75005 Paris, France
Observatoire volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, 97418 La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion, France
Jean-Marie Saurel
Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, IGN, 75005 Paris, France
Sébastien Deroussi
Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, IGN, 75005 Paris, France
Observatoire volcanologique et sismologique de Guadeloupe, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, 97113 Gourbeyre, France
Arnaud Andrieu
Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, IGN, 75005 Paris, France
Observatoire volcanologique et sismologique de la Martinique, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, 97250 Saint-Pierre, Martinique, France
Cyprien Griot
Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, IGN, 75005 Paris, France
Observatoire volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, 97418 La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion, France
Alexis Bosson
Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, IGN, 75005 Paris, France
Observatoire volcanologique et sismologique de Guadeloupe, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, 97113 Gourbeyre, France
Cyril Vidal
Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, IGN, 75005 Paris, France
Observatoire volcanologique et sismologique de la Martinique, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, 97250 Saint-Pierre, Martinique, France
Constanza Pardo
Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, IGN, 75005 Paris, France
Jean-Bernard de Chabalier
Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, IGN, 75005 Paris, France
A full list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper.
Publisher's note: On 1 April 2026 the following four team members were added to the team list: Jean-Christophe Komorowski, Anne Le Friant, Arnaud Lemarchand, and Telly Nduwayo.
Related authors
Alvaro Santamaría-Gómez, Jean-Paul Boy, Florent Feriol, Médéric Gravelle, Sylvain Loyer, Samuel Nahmani, Joëlle Nicolas, José Luis García Pallero, Aurélie Panetier, Arnaud Pollet, Pierre Sakic, and Guy Wöppelmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 5833–5840, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5833-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5833-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Spotgins is a cooperative of several research groups producing a consistent and high-quality set of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) daily position time series. Each group contributes to the global network using the same processing. The Spotgins series are valuable for the understanding of subtle deformations of the Earth's surface at the millimeter level that include tectonics, earthquakes, ground subsidence, post-glacial rebound, hydrological loading, and volcanic deformation.
Alvaro Santamaría-Gómez, Jean-Paul Boy, Florent Feriol, Médéric Gravelle, Sylvain Loyer, Samuel Nahmani, Joëlle Nicolas, José Luis García Pallero, Aurélie Panetier, Arnaud Pollet, Pierre Sakic, and Guy Wöppelmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 5833–5840, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5833-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5833-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Spotgins is a cooperative of several research groups producing a consistent and high-quality set of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) daily position time series. Each group contributes to the global network using the same processing. The Spotgins series are valuable for the understanding of subtle deformations of the Earth's surface at the millimeter level that include tectonics, earthquakes, ground subsidence, post-glacial rebound, hydrological loading, and volcanic deformation.
Magdalena Oryaëlle Chevrel, Massimiliano Favalli, Nicolas Villeneuve, Andrew J. L. Harris, Alessandro Fornaciai, Nicole Richter, Allan Derrien, Patrice Boissier, Andrea Di Muro, and Aline Peltier
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2355–2377, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2355-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2355-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
At Piton de la Fournaise, eruptions are typically fissure-fed and form extensive lava flow fields. Most historical events have occurred inside an uninhabited caldera, but rarely has lava flowed where population and infrastructure might be at risk. We present an up-to-date lava flow hazard map to visualize the probability of inundation by a lava flow per unit area that is an essential tool for hazard mitigation and guiding crises response management.
Cited articles
Anglade, A., Lemarchand, A., Saurel, J.-M., Clouard, V., Bouin, M.-P., De Chabalier, J.-B., Tait, S., Brunet, C., Nercessian, A., Beauducel, F., Robertson, R., Lynch, L., Higgins, M., and Latchman, J.: Significant technical advances in broadband seismic stations in the Lesser Antilles, Adv. Geosci., 40, 43–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-40-43-2015, 2015. a
Bailo, D., Paciello, R., Michalek, J., Cocco, M., Freda, C., Jeffery, K., and Atakan, K.: The EPOS Multi-Disciplinary Data Portal for Integrated Access to Solid Earth Science Datasets, Sci. Data, 10, 784, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02697-9, 2023. a
Bamahry, F., Legrand, J., Bruyninx, C., and Fabian, A.: EPOS-GNSS Data Quality Monitoring Web Portal, in: Together Again for Geodesy, edited by: Freymueller, J. T. and Sánchez, L., vol. 157, pp. 401–409, Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, ISBN 978-3-031-91166-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2024_264, 2024. a
Beauducel, F., Lafon, D., Béguin, X., Saurel, J.-M., Bosson, A., Mallarino, D., Boissier, P., Brunet, C., Lemarchand, A., Anténor-Habazac, C., Nercessian, A., and Fahmi, A. A.: WebObs: The Volcano Observatories Missing Link Between Research and Real-Time Monitoring, Front. Earth Sci., 8, 48, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00048, 2020a. a
Beauducel, F., Peltier, A., Villié, A., and Suryanto, W.: Mechanical Imaging of a Volcano Plumbing System From GNSS Unsupervised Modeling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL089419, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089419, 2020b. a
Bertiger, W., Bar-Sever, Y., Dorsey, A., Haines, B., Harvey, N., Hemberger, D., Heflin, M., Lu, W., Miller, M., Moore, A. W., Murphy, D., Ries, P., Romans, L., Sibois, A., Sibthorpe, A., Szilagyi, B., Vallisneri, M., and Willis, P.: GipsyX/RTGx, a New Tool Set for Space Geodetic Operations and Research, Adv. Space Res., 66, 469–489, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.04.015, 2020. a
Bock, O., Bosser, P., Flamant, C., Doerflinger, E., Jansen, F., Fages, R., Bony, S., and Schnitt, S.: Integrated water vapour observations in the Caribbean arc from a network of ground-based GNSS receivers during EUREC4A, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2407–2436, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2407-2021, 2021. a
Boissier, P., Griot, C., and Pacaud, D.: Orchestration de Flux de Données Avec Apache Airflow à l'Observatoire Volcanologique Du Piton de La Fournaise, in: JRES (Journées Réseaux de l'enseignement et de La Recherche) 2024, Renater, Rennes, France, https://hal.science/hal-04894007 (last access: 12 March 2026), 2024. a
Brown, N., Dawson, J., and Ruddick, R.: Positioning Australia for the Future, Engineering, 6, 857–859, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.012, 2020. a
Bruyninx, C., Legrand, J., Fabian, A., and Pottiaux, E.: GNSS Metadata and Data Validation in the EUREF Permanent Network, GPS Solutions, 23, 106, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-019-0880-9, 2019. a
Cayol, V., Peltier, A., Froger, J.-L., and Beauducel, F.: Monitoring Volcano Deformation, in: Hazards and Monitoring of Volcanic Activity 2: Seismology, Deformation and Remote Sensing, edited by: Lénat, J.-F., Wiley-ISTE, London, ISBN 978-1-78945-045-3, 2022. a
Cocco, M., Freda, C., Atakan, K., Bailo, D., Saleh-Contell, K., Lange, O., and Michalek, J.: The EPOS Research Infrastructure: A Federated Approach to Integrate Solid Earth Science Data and Services, Ann. Geophys., 65, DM208, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-8756, 2022. a
CSNO: The BDS-3 Preliminary System Is Completed to Provide Global Services, Press Release, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, http://en.beidou.gov.cn/WHATSNEWS/201812/t20181227_16837.html (last access: 12 March 2026), 2018. a
Dach, R., Schmid, R., Schmitz, M., Thaller, D., Schaer, S., Lutz, S., Steigenberger, P., Wübbena, G., and Beutler, G.: Improved Antenna Phase Center Models for GLONASS, GPS Solutions, 15, 49–65, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-010-0169-5, 2011. a
de Chabalier, J.-B. et al.: PREST: Volcans, Séismes et Tsunamis Dans La Caraïbe, Technical Report, European Union Interreg Caraïbes Program, https://www.ipgp.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Livret_PREST.pdf (last access: 12 March 2026), 2024. a
Department of Space: Desi Global Positioning System, Press Release, Press Information Bureau, Government of India, https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1498382 (last access: 12 March 2026), 2017. a
Dixon, T. H.: An Introduction to the Global Positioning System and Some Geological Applications, Rev. Geophys., 29, 249–276, https://doi.org/10.1029/91RG00152, 1991. a
Dzurisin, D.: Volcano Geodesy: Challenges and Opportunities for the 21st Century, Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 358, 1547–1566, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0603, 2000. a
ESA: Galileo Begins Serving the Globe, Press Release, European Space Agency, https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Navigation/Galileo_begins_serving_the_globe (last access: 12 March 2026), 2016. a
Estey, L. H. and Meertens, C. M.: TEQC: The Multi-Purpose Toolkit for GPS/GLONASS Data, GPS Solutions, 3, 42–49, https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012778, 1999. a
Fabian, A., Bruyninx, C., Miglio, A., and Legrand, J.: M3G - Metadata Management and Distribution System for Multiple GNSS Networks, https://doi.org/10.24414/ROB-GNSS-M3G, 2021. a
FDSN: Network Codes, Tech. rep., International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN), https://docs.fdsn.org/projects/source-identifiers/en/latest/network-codes.html (last access: 12 March 2026), 2025. a
Fernandes, R., Bruyninx, C., Crocker, P., Menut, J.-L., Socquet, A., Vergnolle, M., Avallone, A., Bos, M., Bruni, S., Cardoso, R., Carvalho, L., Cotte, N., D'Agostino, N., Deprez, A., Andras, F., Geraldes, F., Janex, G., Kenyeres, A., Legrand, J., Ngo, K.-M., Lidberg, M., Liwosz, T., Manteigueiro, J., Miglio, A., Soehne, W., Holger, S., Toth, S., Dousa, J., Ganas, A., Kapetanidis, V., and Batti, G.: A New European Service to Share GNSS Data and Products, Ann. Geophys., 65, DM317, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-8776, 2022. a
Fontaine, F. R., Komorowski, J.-C., Corbeau, J., Burtin, A., De Chabalier, J.-B., Grandin, R., Saurel, J. M., Agrinier, P., Moune, S., Jadelus, F., Melezan, D., Gabriel, J.-G., Vidal, C., Zimmermann, B., Vaton, D., Koziol, J., Lavenaire, J. M., Moretti, R., Lemarchand, A., Labasque, T., Blard, P.-H., Tibari, B., Zimmermann, L., Aubaud, C., Vergne, J., Andrieu, A., Filliaert, A., Chilin-Eusebe, E., Wahlgren, S. Z., Inostroza, M., Métaxian, J.-P., Potier, A., Fernandez, I., Robert, V., Deroussi, S., Carazzo, G., Tait, S., Vlastelic, I., Jessop, D. E., Bonaimé, S., Le Friant, A., Chaussidon, M., Michaud-Dubuy, A., Retailleau, L., Di Muro, A., Allard, P., and Satriano, C.: Ongoing Multiparameter Unrest at the Montagne Pelée Volcano on Martinique from 2019 to 2024, Sci. Rep., 15, 23189, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05641-6, 2025. a
Galileo, ICD.: European GNSS (Galileo) Open Service Signal-in-Space Interface Control Document, Issue 2.0, https://galileognss.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Galileo_OS_SIS_ICD_v2.0.pdf (last access: 12 March 2026), 2021. a
Gentle, P., Gledhill, K., and Blick, G.: The Development and Evolution of the GeoNet and PositioNZ GNSS Continuously Operating Network in New Zealand, New Zeal. J. Geol. Geop., 59, 33–42, https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2015.1127821, 2016. a
Gurtner, W. and Estey, L.: RINEX: The Receiver Independent Exchange Format Version 2.11, Tech. Rep. 2.11, International GNSS Service (IGS)/UNAVCO, Astronomical Institute, University of Bern, https://files.igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex211.txt (last access: 12 March 2026), 2007. a
Gurtner, W. and Mader, G.: The RINEX Format: Current Status, Future Developments, in: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium of Precise Positioning with the Global Positioning System, pp. 977 ff., Ottawa, https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/the-rinex-format-current-status-future-developments (last access: 12 March 2026), 1990. a, b
Hanson, J. B., Sherburn, S., Behr, Y., Britten, K. M., Hughes, E. C., Jarvis, P. A., Lamb, O. D., Mazot, A., Fitzgerald, R. H., Scott, B. J., Fournier, N., Volcano Monitoring Group, and GeoNet team: Twenty Years of Volcano Data at GeoNet—Collection, Custodianship, and Evolution of Open Data on New Zealand's Volcanoes, B. Volcanol., 86, 81, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-024-01769-x, 2024. a
Hatanaka, Y.: A Compression Format and Tools for GNSS Observation Data, Bulletin of the Geographical Survey Institute, 55, https://www.gsi.go.jp/common/000045517.pdf (last access: 12 March 2026), 2008. a
IGS Central Bureau: International GNSS Service (IGS) 2021+ Strategic Plan, https://files.igs.org/pub/resource/pubs/IGS_Strategic_Plan_2021_Final.pdf (last access: 12 March 2026), 2021. a
IGS/RTCM: RINEX Version 3.05, Tech. Rep. 3.05, International GNSS Service/RTMC – SC104, https://files.igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex305.pdf (last access: 12 March 2026), 2020. a
IGS/RTCM: RINEX Version 4.02, Tech. Rep. 4.02, International GNSS Service/RTCM, https://files.igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex_4.02.pdf (last access: 12 March 2026), 2024. a
IPGP: GNSS, Seismic Broadband and Strong Motion Permanent Networks in West Indies, https://doi.org/10.18715/ANTILLES.WI, 2008. a
IPGP: Data collection of the seismological and volcanological observatory of Guadeloupe, Institut de physique du globe de Paris (IPGP), , https://doi.org/10.18715/GUADELOUPE.OVSG, 2021a. a
IPGP: Data collection of the seismological and volcanological observatory of Martinique, Institut de physique du globe de Paris (IPGP), https://doi.org/10.18715/MARTINIQUE.OVSM, 2021b. a
IPGP: Data collection of the volcanological observatory of Piton de la Fournaise, Institut de physique du globe de Paris (IPGP), https://doi.org/10.18715/REUNION.OVPF, 2021c. a
Janssen, V.: Understanding the RINEX Format, in: Proceedings of Association of Public Authority Surveyors Conference (APAS2024), pp. 3–18, https://www.spatial.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/232538/2024_Janssen_APAS2024_understanding_the_RINEX_format.pdf (last access: 12 March 2026), 2024. a
Johnston, G., Riddell, A., and Hausler, G.: The International GNSS Service, in: Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, pp. 967–982, Springer International Publishing, Cham, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42928-1_33, 2017. a
Kawamoto, S., Takamatsu, N., and Abe, S.: RINGO: A RINEX Pre-Processing Software for Multi-GNSS Data, Earth Planet. Space, 75, 54, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-023-01811-w, 2023. a
Kenyeres, A., Bellet, J. G., Bruyninx, C., Caporali, A., De Doncker, F., Droscak, B., Duret, A., Franke, P., Georgiev, I., Bingley, R., Huisman, L., Jivall, L., Khoda, O., Kollo, K., Kurt, A. I., Lahtinen, S., Legrand, J., Magyar, B., Mesmaker, D., Morozova, K., Nágl, J., Özdemir, S., Papanikolaou, X., Parseliunas, E., Stangl, G., Ryczywolski, M., Tangen, O. B., Valdes, M., Zurutuza, J., and Weber, M.: Regional Integration of Long-Term National Dense GNSS Network Solutions, GPS Solutions, 23, 122, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-019-0902-7, 2019. a
Lee, S.-J., Yun, H.-S., Yoon, H.-M., and Lee, S.-H.: Evaluating GNSS Infrastructure Readiness for IGS Contribution: The Case of King Sejong Station, Antarctica, Sci. Rep., 15, 44064, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26151-5, 2025. a
Lemoine, A., Briole, P., Bertil, D., Roullé, A., Foumelis, M., Thinon, I., Raucoules, D., de Michele, M., Valty, P., and Hoste Colomer, R.: The 2018–2019 Seismo-Volcanic Crisis East of Mayotte, Comoros Islands: Seismicity and Ground Deformation Markers of an Exceptional Submarine Eruption, Geophys. J. Int., 223, 22–44, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa273, 2020. a
Lestarquit, L., Artaud, G., and Issler, J.-L.: AltBOC for Dummies or Everything You Always Wanted to Know about AltBOC, in: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2008), pp. 961–970, https://www.ion.org/publications/abstract.cfm?articleID=8018 (last access: 12 March 2026), 2008. a
Moretti, R., Komorowski, J.-C., Ucciani, G., Moune, S., Jessop, D., De Chabalier, J.-B., Beauducel, F., Bonifacie, M., Burtin, A., Vallée, M., Deroussi, S., Robert, V., Gibert, D., Didier, T., Kitou, T., Feuillet, N., Allard, P., Tamburello, G., Shreve, T., Saurel, J.-M., Lemarchand, A., Rosas-Carbajal, M., Agrinier, P., Le Friant, A., and Chaussidon, M.: The 2018 Unrest Phase at La Soufrière of Guadeloupe (French West Indies) Andesitic Volcano: Scrutiny of a Failed but Prodromal Phreatic Eruption, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 393, 106769, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106769, 2020. a
National Space Policy Secretariat: Start of QZSS Services, Announcement, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, http://qzss.go.jp/en/overview/notices/qzss_181101.html (last access: 12 March 2026), 2018. a
Nischan, T.: GFZRNX – RINEX GNSS Data Conversion and Manipulation Toolbox, GFZ Data Services, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.1.2016.002, 2016. a
Noll, C., Bock, Y., Habrich, H., and Moore, A.: Development of Data Infrastructure to Support Scientific Analysis for the International GNSS Service, J. Geodesy, 83, 309–325, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-008-0245-6, 2009. a
Pantobe, L., Chanard, K., Burtin, A., Sakic, P., and Komorowski, J.-C.: Integrating GNSS and Hydrological Data to Understand Seasonal Microseismicity at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe, J. Geophys. Res., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB033078, 2026. a
Peltier, A., Beauducel, F., Villeneuve, N., Ferrazzini, V., Di Muro, A., Aiuppa, A., Derrien, A., Jourde, K., and Taisne, B.: Deep Fluid Transfer Evidenced by Surface Deformation during the 2014–2015 Unrest at Piton de La Fournaise Volcano, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 321, 140–148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.04.031, 2016. a
Peltier, A., Saur, S., Ballu, V., Beauducel, F., Briole, P., Chanard, K., Dausse, D., De Chabalier, J.-B., Grandin, R., Rouffiac, P., Tranchant, Y.-T., De Berc, M. B., Besançon, S., Boissier, P., Broucke, C., Brunet, C., Canjamalé, K., Carme, E., Catherine, P., Colombain, A., Crawford, W., Daniel, R., Dectot, G., Desfete, N., Doubre, C., Dumouch, T., Griot, C., Grunberg, M., Jund, H., Kowalski, P., Lauret, F., Lebreton, J., Pesqueira, F., Tronel, F., Valty, P., and Van Der Woerd, J.: Ground Deformation Monitoring of the Eruption Offshore Mayotte, Comptes Rendus, Géoscience, 354, 171–193, https://doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.176, 2023. a
Peltier, A., Villeneuve, N., Boissier, P., Brunet, C., Canjamalé, K., Catherine, P., Chevrel, M. O., Derrien, A., Di Muro, A., Desfete, N., Duputel, Z., J. Fontaine, F., Frangieh, M., Garavaglia, L., Griot, C., Journeau, C., Kowalski, P., Laborde, C., Lauret, F., Pesqueira, F., Richter, N., Smittarello, D., and Vaitilingom, A.: Ten Years of GNSS Field Campaigns Covering a Full Eruptive Cycle at Piton de La Fournaise (2014–2023), B. Volcanol., 88, 19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-026-01944-2, 2026. a
Poland, M., Hamburger, M., and Newman, A.: The Changing Shapes of Active Volcanoes: History, Evolution, and Future Challenges for Volcano Geodesy, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 150, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.11.005, 2006. a
Ravanelli, M., Occhipinti, G., Savastano, G., Komjathy, A., Shume, E. B., and Crespi, M.: GNSS Total Variometric Approach: First Demonstration of a Tool for Real-Time Tsunami Genesis Estimation, Sci. Rep., 11, 3114, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82532-6, 2021. a
Ravanelli, M., Astafyeva, E., Sakic, P., Baucry, R., and Crespi, M.: An Insight into ALTRUIST: How to Use GNSS Variometry for Natural Hazards Detecting and Monitoring, in: EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 12315, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82532-6, 2024. a
REVOSIMA, Institut de physique du globe de Paris (IPGP), Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM), Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER), and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS): Data collection of the Mayotte volcanological and seismological monitoring network (REVOSIMA), Institut de physique du globe de Paris (IPGP), https://doi.org/10.18715/MAYOTTE.REVOSIMA, 2021. a
Romero, N. and Ruddick, R.: RINEX 2.11: Compression Method Clarification Addendum, Technical Report, IGS RINEX Working Group, ESA/ESOC Navigation Support Office; Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia, https://files.igs.org/pub/data/format/Addendum-rinex211.pdf (last access: 12 March 2026), 2020. a
Sakic, P., Mansur, G., Kitpracha, C., and Ballu, V.: The geodeZYX Toolbox: A Versatile Python 3 Toolbox for Geodetic-Oriented Purposes, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.1.2019.002, 2019. a
Sakic, P., Männel, B., Bradke, M., Ballu, V., de Chabalier, J.-B., and Lemarchand, A.: Estimation of Lesser Antilles Vertical Velocity Fields Using a GNSS-PPP Software Comparison, in: International Association of Geodesy Symposia, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2020_101, 2020. a
Sakic, P., Nahmani, S., and Mansur, G. B.: Geodezyx: A Versatile Python Toolbox for Geodetic Data Manipulation with GNSS Processing Pedagogical Features, in: Geodesy for a Changing Environment – Proceedings of the 2025 IAG Scientific Assembly, in press, 2026. a
Sakic, P., Léger, F., and Boisseau, A.: Rinexmod, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.19000246, 2026a. a
Sakic, P., Pacaud, D., and Boissier, P.: Autorino, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.19000388, 2026b. a
Santamaría-Gómez, A., Boy, J.-P., Feriol, F., Gravelle, M., Loyer, S., Nahmani, S., Nicolas, J., García Pallero, J. L., Panetier, A., Pollet, A., Sakic, P., and Wöppelmann, G.: Monitoring the Earth's deformation with the SPOTGINS series, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 5833–5840, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5833-2025, 2025. a
Satriano, C., Lemarchand, A., Saurel, J. M. M., Pardo, C., Vincent, D., de Chabalier, J. B., Beauducel, F., Shapiro, N., and Cyril, G.: VOLOBSIS: An Infrastructure for Open Access to Seismic and GNSS Data from the Volcanological and Seismological French Observatories, in: AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, vol. 2016, pp. IN21C–1747, https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMIN21C1747S/abstract (last access: 12 March 2026), 2016. a
Staudacher, T. and Peltier, A.: Ground Deformation at Piton de La Fournaise, a Review from 20 Years of GNSS Monitoring, in: Active Volcanoes of the Southwest Indian Ocean: Piton de La Fournaise and Karthala, edited by: Bachelery, P., Lenat, J.-F., Di Muro, A., and Michon, L., pp. 251–269, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-642-31395-0, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31395-0_15, 2016. a, b
Tsuji, H., Miyagawa, K., Yamaguchi, K., Yahagi, T., Oshima, K., Yamao, H., and Furuya, T.: Modernization of GEONET from GPS to GNSS, Bulletin of the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, https://web1.gsi.go.jp/common/000085715.pdf (last access: 12 March 2026), 2013. a
Tsuji, H., Hatanaka, Y., Hiyama, Y., Yamaguchi, K., Furuya, T., Kawamoto, S., and Fukuzaki, Y.: Twenty-Year Successful Operation of GEONET, Bulletin of the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, https://www.gsi.go.jp/common/000195831.pdf (last access: 12 March 2026), 2017. a
UNAVCO: Geodetic Data Services Plan for GNSS Modernization: Data Formats and Preprocessing Tools, Technical Report, UNAVCO Geodetic Data Services Advisory Committees Review, https://www.unavco.org/software/data-processing/teqc/notice/GDS Plans for GNSS Modernization.pdf (last access: 12 March 2026), 2016. a
USAF: First GPS III Satellite Successfully Launched, Press Release, Los Angeles Air Force Base, https://www.losangeles.spaceforce.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1720821/first-gps-iii-satellite-successfully-launched/ (last access: 12 March 2026), 2018. a
Vaclavovic, P. and Dousa, J.: G-Nut/Anubis: Open-Source Tool for Multi-GNSS Data Monitoring with a Multipath Detection for New Signals, Frequencies and Constellations, in: IAG 150 Years, edited by: Rizos, C. and Willis, P., vol. 143, pp. 775–782, Springer International Publishing, Cham, ISBN 978-3-319-24603-1, https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2015_97, 2015. a
Van Rijsingen, E. M., Calais, E., Jolivet, R., De Chabalier, J.-B., Jara, J., Symithe, S., Robertson, R., and Ryan, G. A.: Inferring Interseismic Coupling Along the Lesser Antilles Arc: A Bayesian Approach, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth, 126, e2020JB020677, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020677, 2021. a
Van Rijsingen, E. M., Calais, E., Jolivet, R., de Chabalier, J.-B., Robertson, R., Ryan, G. A., and Symithe, S.: Ongoing Tectonic Subsidence in the Lesser Antilles Subduction Zone, Geophys. J. Int., 231, 319–326, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac192, 2022. a
YAML Language Development Team: YAML Ain't Markup Language (YAML®) Version 1.2, https://yaml.org/spec/1.2.2/ (last access: 12 March 2026), 2021. a
Zawacki, E. E., Charlevoix, D. J., Meertens, C. M., Freymueller, J. T., and Van Dam, T.: A History of UNAVCO: Four Decades of Advancing Geodesy, Persp. Earth Space Sci., 6, e2025CN000276, https://doi.org/10.1029/2025CN000276, 2025. a
Download
Please read the editorial note first before accessing the article.
- Article
(13023 KB) - Full-text XML
-
Supplement
(521 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
Short summary
We developed two open tools that simplify and modernize the processing of satellite positioning data used to monitor volcanoes and earthquakes. They automatically collect and convert data from different instruments into a common format, making near real-time analysis easier and more reliable. These tools enable observatories in remote areas to enhance their ability to track ground movements and gain a deeper understanding of natural hazards.
We developed two open tools that simplify and modernize the processing of satellite positioning...
