This paper describes the development of a new multifunctional four-dimensional high-density electrical instrument based on remote wireless communication technology, for use in shallow geophysical prospecting. We carried out a lot of tests. Our design successfully addresses a number of shortcomings of such instruments currently available on the market, including bulkiness, weight, limitations in data acquisition accuracy, and difficulty of connecting to the Internet for remote monitoring.

Indoor positioning technology is used in all aspects of life. We study the positioning method of a UWB radar network. Because of the interference in the indoor environment, the UWB radar measurement data produce abnormal values. In order to eliminate the outliers, the method of fitting the known true value with the actual measured value is used to obtain the linear relationship between the true value and the measured value, so as to get the unknown true value through the measured value.

Global satellite navigation systems are commonly used for timing and synchronization of instrument platforms. These system clocks periodically roll over from limitations in discrete counter math. Due to the rarity of these events (19.6 years for GPS), special consideration must be given to designing instruments intended for use in hard-to-reach locations like the Antarctic Plateau. A few best practices are presented to prevent total system failure from unexpected subsystem faults.

We have produced a standardised high-quality set of measurements to create definitive data for four Indonesian Geomagnetic Observatories for 2010–2018. We explain the steps taken to update the existing data collection and processing protocols and suggest improvements to further enhance the quality of the magnetic time series at each observatory. The new data will fill the gap in the western Pacific region and provide input into geomagnetic field modeling and secular variation studies.

This paper describes a seismic dataset acquired by network of broadband sensors in Poland and technical issues related to data acquisition. We describe a new azimuth-transfer device for precise sensor orientation and apply methods for data-based orientation checking. We analyse the seismic noise level and discuss effect of geology at sites on character of seismic data and noise. We show data examples and describe methods of seismic data interpretation for studies of lithospheric structure.

This paper is dedicated to description of universal, easy-to-modify, and affordable rock slope monitoring system. Using such a system, we are able to monitor environmental variables, the rock mass 3 m subsurface zone temperature profile, and spatiotemporal joint dynamics. We observe differences between three monitored sites. To further data analyses, longer time series are needed. The data will be further used for trend analyses and thermomechanical modelling.

This paper presents a brief description of the ground-based installation for the study of cosmic rays CARPET. Today there is a network of such installations located in different parts of the world. For ground-based installations, meteorological effects must be considered as they affect the data. This paper shows a technique for eliminating barometric and temperature dependences based on data for 2019–2020.

The Low Orbit Pearl Satellites measure magnetic field with high spatial coverage. Although there is no magnetic cleanliness to the satellites, the triple sensor configuration enables removal of interference. Results show they can capture the Earth’s internal as well as external fields from the magnetosphere–ionosphere current system. This study implies that a large number of small low-cost satellites without magnetic cleanliness could be the future for space magnetic exploration.

Based on the intercomparison of photoacoustic and cavity attenuation phase shift instruments, this paper has corrected and calibrated the data of recent field measurements. It showed good agreement and close correlation in the optical properties measured from different optical methods, and the scattering coefficient plays a crucial role as the bridge in constructing correlation between both instruments.

In this paper, we study the compensation method of the helicopter towed bird. We will affect the compensation results based on the geomagnetic gradient. Therefore, we build a compensation model based on the geomagnetic gradient, which is 6 % higher than the traditional model. When the helicopter towed bird system is used for magnetic target exploration, this method can be used to eliminate the interference generated by the helicopter towed bird system and further accurately detect the target.

The goal is to reduce the uncertainty in air quality assessment by imputing all missing pollutants in monitoring stations and identify where more measurements can be beneficial. The proposed approach is based on spatial or temporal similarity between stations. Our proposed approach enables us to impute and estimate plausible concentrations of multiple pollutants at stations across the UK, and the modelled concentrations from the selected models correlated well with the observed concentrations.

The objective of this paper is to present a new architecture of a solution for object detecting and blurring. Our algorithm is tested on four data sets of panorama images. The percentage of accuracy, i.e., the successfully detected objects of interest, is higher than 97 % for each data set. The proposed algorithm has a wide application for images of different types, surveyed with various purposes, and also for the detection of different types of objects.

Methods for reconstruction of winter long data gaps in snow depth time series are compared. The methods use snow depth data from neighboring stations or calculate snow depth from temperature and precipitation data. All methods except one are able to reproduce the average snow depth and maximum snow depth in a winter reasonably well. For reconstructing the number of snow days with snow depth ≥ 1 cm, results suggest using a snow model instead of relying on data from neighboring stations.

We have developed a towed magnetic gradiometer system for rapid acquisition of magnetic and magnetic gradient maps. This high-resolution system is flexible and has applications to utility detection, archaeology, unexploded ordnance, or any other applications where high-resolution maps of the magnetic field or gradient are required. Processing of the data has been simplified as much as possible to facilitate rapid results and interpretations.