Articles | Volume 13, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-393-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-393-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Dec 2024
Research article |
| 18 Dec 2024
| 18 Dec 2024
Modular approach to near-time data management for multi-city atmospheric environmental observation campaigns
Matthias Zeeman
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Environmental Meteorology, Freiburg, Germany
Andreas Christen
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Environmental Meteorology, Freiburg, Germany
Sue Grimmond
University of Reading, Urban Meteorology, Reading, UK
Daniel Fenner
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Environmental Meteorology, Freiburg, Germany
William Morrison
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Environmental Meteorology, Freiburg, Germany
University of Reading, Urban Meteorology, Reading, UK
Gregor Feigel
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Environmental Meteorology, Freiburg, Germany
Markus Sulzer
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Environmental Meteorology, Freiburg, Germany
Nektarios Chrysoulakis
FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
Related authors
William Morrison, Dana Looschelders, Jonnathan Céspedes, Bernie Claxton, Marc-Antoine Drouin, Jean-Charles Dupont, Aurélien Faucheux, Martial Haeffelin, Christopher C. Holst, Simone Kotthaus, Valéry Masson, James McGregor, Jeremy Price, Matthias Zeeman, Sue Grimmond, and Andreas Christen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-167, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-167, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted research using sophisticated wind sensors to better understand wind patterns in Paris. By installing these sensors across the city, we gathered detailed data on wind speeds and directions from 2022 to 2024. This information helps improve weather and climate models, making them more accurate for city environments. Our findings offer valuable insights for scientists studying urban air and weather, improving predictions and understanding of city-scale atmospheric processes.
Benjamin Schumacher, Marwan Katurji, Jiawei Zhang, Peyman Zawar-Reza, Benjamin Adams, and Matthias Zeeman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5681–5700, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5681-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5681-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This investigation presents adaptive thermal image velocimetry (A-TIV), a newly developed algorithm to spatially measure near-surface atmospheric velocities using an infrared camera mounted on uncrewed aerial vehicles. A validation and accuracy assessment of the retrieved velocity fields shows the successful application of the algorithm over short-cut grass and turf surfaces in dry conditions. This provides new opportunities for atmospheric scientists to study surface–atmosphere interactions.
Matthias Zeeman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7475–7493, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7475-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7475-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding turbulence near the surface is important for many applications. In this work, methods for observing and analysing temperature structures in a near-surface volume were explored. Experiments were conducted to identify modes of organised motion. These help explain interactions between the vegetation and the atmosphere that are not currently well understood. Techniques used include fibre-optic sensing, thermal infrared imaging, signal decomposition, and machine learning.
Martina Botter, Matthias Zeeman, Paolo Burlando, and Simone Fatichi
Biogeosciences, 18, 1917–1939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1917-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1917-2021, 2021
Martin Kunz, Jost V. Lavric, Rainer Gasche, Christoph Gerbig, Richard H. Grant, Frank-Thomas Koch, Marcus Schumacher, Benjamin Wolf, and Matthias Zeeman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1671–1692, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1671-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1671-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) budget method enables the quantification of gas fluxes between ecosystems and the atmosphere under nocturnal stable stratification, a condition under which standard approaches struggle. However, up to now the application of the NBL method has been limited by difficulties in obtaining the required measurements. We show how an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) equipped with a carbon dioxide analyser can make this method more accessible.
Genki Katata, Rüdiger Grote, Matthias Mauder, Matthias J. Zeeman, and Masakazu Ota
Biogeosciences, 17, 1071–1085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1071-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1071-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we demonstrate that high physiological activity levels during the extremely warm winter are allocated into the below-ground biomass and only to a minor extent used for additional plant growth during early spring. This process is so far largely unaccounted for in scenario analysis using global terrestrial biosphere models, and it may lead to carbon accumulation in the soil and/or carbon loss from the soil as a response to global warming.
Erkan Ibraim, Benjamin Wolf, Eliza Harris, Rainer Gasche, Jing Wei, Longfei Yu, Ralf Kiese, Sarah Eggleston, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Matthias Zeeman, Béla Tuzson, Lukas Emmenegger, Johan Six, Stephan Henne, and Joachim Mohn
Biogeosciences, 16, 3247–3266, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3247-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3247-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and the major stratospheric ozone-depleting substance; therefore, mitigation of anthropogenic N2O emissions is needed. To trace N2O-emitting source processes, in this study, we observed N2O isotopocules above an intensively managed grassland research site with a recently developed laser spectroscopy method. Our results indicate that the domain of denitrification or nitrifier denitrification was the major N2O source.
Anne Klosterhalfen, Alexander Graf, Nicolas Brüggemann, Clemens Drüe, Odilia Esser, María P. González-Dugo, Günther Heinemann, Cor M. J. Jacobs, Matthias Mauder, Arnold F. Moene, Patrizia Ney, Thomas Pütz, Corinna Rebmann, Mario Ramos Rodríguez, Todd M. Scanlon, Marius Schmidt, Rainer Steinbrecher, Christoph K. Thomas, Veronika Valler, Matthias J. Zeeman, and Harry Vereecken
Biogeosciences, 16, 1111–1132, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1111-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1111-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To obtain magnitudes of flux components of H2O and CO2 (e.g., transpiration, soil respiration), we applied source partitioning approaches after Scanlon and Kustas (2010) and after Thomas et al. (2008) to high-frequency eddy covariance measurements of 12 study sites covering various ecosystems (croplands, grasslands, and forests) in different climatic regions. We analyzed the interrelations among turbulence, site characteristics, and the performance of both partitioning methods.
Matthias Mauder and Matthias J. Zeeman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 249–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-249-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-249-2018, 2018
Caroline Brosy, Karina Krampf, Matthias Zeeman, Benjamin Wolf, Wolfgang Junkermann, Klaus Schäfer, Stefan Emeis, and Harald Kunstmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2773–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2773-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2773-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical and horizontal sounding of the planetary boundary layer can be complemented by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Utilizing a multicopter-type UAV spatial sampling of air and simultaneously sensing of meteorological variables is possible for the study of surface exchange processes. During stable atmospheric conditions, vertical methane gradients of about 300 ppb were found. This approach extended the vertical profile height of existing tower-based infrastructure by a factor of five.
P. Michna, W. Eugster, R. V. Hiller, M. J. Zeeman, and H. Wanner
Geogr. Helv., 68, 249–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-68-249-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-68-249-2013, 2013
William Morrison, Dana Looschelders, Jonnathan Céspedes, Bernie Claxton, Marc-Antoine Drouin, Jean-Charles Dupont, Aurélien Faucheux, Martial Haeffelin, Christopher C. Holst, Simone Kotthaus, Valéry Masson, James McGregor, Jeremy Price, Matthias Zeeman, Sue Grimmond, and Andreas Christen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-167, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-167, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted research using sophisticated wind sensors to better understand wind patterns in Paris. By installing these sensors across the city, we gathered detailed data on wind speeds and directions from 2022 to 2024. This information helps improve weather and climate models, making them more accurate for city environments. Our findings offer valuable insights for scientists studying urban air and weather, improving predictions and understanding of city-scale atmospheric processes.
Rainer Hilland, Josh Hashemi, Stavros Stagakis, Dominik Brunner, Lionel Constantin, Natascha Kljun, Betty Molinier, Samuel Hammer, Lukas Emmenegger, and Andreas Christen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1088, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1088, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
We present a study of simultaneously measured fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and co-emitted species in the city of Zurich. Flux measurements of CO2 alone can’t be attributed to specific emission sectors, such as road transport or residential heating. We present a model which uses the measured ratios of CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) as well as sector-specific reference ratios, to attribute measured fluxes to their emission sectors.
Ann-Kristin Kunz, Lars Borchardt, Andreas Christen, Julian Della Coletta, Markus Eritt, Xochilt Gutiérrez, Josh Hashemi, Rainer Hilland, Armin Jordan, Richard Kneißl, Virgile Legendre, Ingeborg Levin, Susanne Preunkert, Pascal Rubli, Stavros Stagakis, and Samuel Hammer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3175, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3175, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
We present, to our knowledge, the first relaxed eddy accumulation system explicitly tailored to a radiocarbon (14C)-based partitioning of fossil and non-fossil urban CO2 fluxes. Laboratory tests and in-depth quality and performance checks prove that the system meets the technical requirements. A pilot application on a tall-tower in the city of Zurich, Switzerland, demonstrates the ability to separate fossil and non-fossil CO2 fluxes within the typical precision of 14C measurements.
Nimra Iqbal, Marvin Ravan, Zina Mitraka, Joern Birkmann, Sue Grimmond, Denise Hertwig, Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Giorgos Somarakis, and Angela Wendnagel-Beck
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1907, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1907, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work deepens the understanding of how perceived heat stress, human vulnerability (e.g. age, income) and adaptive capacities (e.g. green, shaded spaces) are coupled with urban structures. The results show that perceived heat stress decreases with distance from urban center, however, human vulnerability and adaptive capacities depend stronger on inner-variations and differences between urban structures. Planning policies and adaptation strategies should account for these differences.
Ferdinand Briegel, Jonas Wehrle, Dirk Schindler, and Andreas Christen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1667–1688, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1667-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1667-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new approach to model heat stress in cities using artificial intelligence (AI). We show that the AI model is fast in terms of prediction but accurate when evaluated with measurements. The fast-predictive AI model enables several new potential applications, including heat stress prediction and warning; downscaling of potential future climates; evaluation of adaptation effectiveness; and, more fundamentally, development of guidelines to support urban planning and policymaking.
Ting Sun, Hamidreza Omidvar, Zhenkun Li, Ning Zhang, Wenjuan Huang, Simone Kotthaus, Helen C. Ward, Zhiwen Luo, and Sue Grimmond
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 91–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-91-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-91-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, we coupled a state-of-the-art urban land surface model – Surface Urban Energy and Water Scheme (SUEWS) – with the widely-used Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, creating an open-source tool that may benefit multiple applications. We tested our new system at two UK sites and demonstrated its potential by examining how human activities in various areas of Greater London influence local weather conditions.
Megan A. Stretton, William Morrison, Robin J. Hogan, and Sue Grimmond
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5931–5947, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5931-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5931-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cities' materials and forms impact radiative fluxes. We evaluate the SPARTACUS-Urban multi-layer approach to modelling longwave radiation, describing realistic 3D geometry statistically using the explicit DART (Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer) model. The temperature configurations used are derived from thermal camera observations. SPARTACUS-Urban accurately predicts longwave fluxes, with a low computational time (cf. DART), but has larger errors with sunlit/shaded surface temperatures.
Junxia Dou, Sue Grimmond, Shiguang Miao, Bei Huang, Huimin Lei, and Mingshui Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13143–13166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-timescale variations in surface energy fluxes in a suburb of Beijing are analyzed using 16-month observations. Compared to previous suburban areas, this study site has larger seasonal variability in energy partitioning, and summer and winter Bowen ratios are at the lower and higher end of those at other suburban sites, respectively. Our analysis indicates that precipitation, irrigation, crop/vegetation growth activity, and land use/cover all play critical roles in energy partitioning.
Joanna E. Dyson, Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Archit Mehra, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Jingsha Xu, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, Xinming Wang, Stephen R. Arnold, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5679–5697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The hydroxyl (OH) and closely coupled hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals are vital for their role in the removal of atmospheric pollutants. In less polluted regions, atmospheric models over-predict HO2 concentrations. In this modelling study, the impact of heterogeneous uptake of HO2 onto aerosol surfaces on radical concentrations and the ozone production regime in Beijing in the summertime is investigated, and the implications for emissions policies across China are considered.
Mathew Lipson, Sue Grimmond, Martin Best, Winston T. L. Chow, Andreas Christen, Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Andrew Coutts, Ben Crawford, Stevan Earl, Jonathan Evans, Krzysztof Fortuniak, Bert G. Heusinkveld, Je-Woo Hong, Jinkyu Hong, Leena Järvi, Sungsoo Jo, Yeon-Hee Kim, Simone Kotthaus, Keunmin Lee, Valéry Masson, Joseph P. McFadden, Oliver Michels, Wlodzimierz Pawlak, Matthias Roth, Hirofumi Sugawara, Nigel Tapper, Erik Velasco, and Helen Claire Ward
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5157–5178, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5157-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5157-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a new openly accessible collection of atmospheric observations from 20 cities around the world, capturing 50 site years. The observations capture local meteorology (temperature, humidity, wind, etc.) and the energy fluxes between the land and atmosphere (e.g. radiation and sensible and latent heat fluxes). These observations can be used to improve our understanding of urban climate processes and to test the accuracy of urban climate models.
Benjamin Schumacher, Marwan Katurji, Jiawei Zhang, Peyman Zawar-Reza, Benjamin Adams, and Matthias Zeeman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5681–5700, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5681-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5681-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This investigation presents adaptive thermal image velocimetry (A-TIV), a newly developed algorithm to spatially measure near-surface atmospheric velocities using an infrared camera mounted on uncrewed aerial vehicles. A validation and accuracy assessment of the retrieved velocity fields shows the successful application of the algorithm over short-cut grass and turf surfaces in dry conditions. This provides new opportunities for atmospheric scientists to study surface–atmosphere interactions.
Will S. Drysdale, Adam R. Vaughan, Freya A. Squires, Sam J. Cliff, Stefan Metzger, David Durden, Natchaya Pingintha-Durden, Carole Helfter, Eiko Nemitz, C. Sue B. Grimmond, Janet Barlow, Sean Beevers, Gregor Stewart, David Dajnak, Ruth M. Purvis, and James D. Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9413–9433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9413-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9413-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of NOx emissions are important for a good understanding of air quality. While there are many direct measurements of NOx concentration, there are very few measurements of its emission. Measurements of emissions provide constraints on emissions inventories and air quality models. This article presents measurements of NOx emission from the BT Tower in central London in 2017 and compares them with inventories, finding that they underestimate by a factor of ∼1.48.
Yiqing Liu, Zhiwen Luo, and Sue Grimmond
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4721–4735, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4721-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic heat emission from buildings is important for atmospheric modelling in cities. The current building anthropogenic heat flux is simplified by building energy consumption. Our research proposes a novel approach to determine ‘real’ building anthropogenic heat emission from the changes in energy balance fluxes between occupied and unoccupied buildings. We hope to provide new insights into future parameterisations of building anthropogenic heat flux in urban climate models.
Hamidreza Omidvar, Ting Sun, Sue Grimmond, Dave Bilesbach, Andrew Black, Jiquan Chen, Zexia Duan, Zhiqiu Gao, Hiroki Iwata, and Joseph P. McFadden
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3041–3078, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3041-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3041-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper extends the applicability of the SUEWS to extensive pervious areas outside cities. We derived various parameters such as leaf area index, albedo, roughness parameters and surface conductance for non-urban areas. The relation between LAI and albedo is also explored. The methods and parameters discussed can be used for both online and offline simulations. Using appropriate parameters related to non-urban areas is essential for assessing urban–rural differences.
Matthias Zeeman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7475–7493, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7475-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7475-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding turbulence near the surface is important for many applications. In this work, methods for observing and analysing temperature structures in a near-surface volume were explored. Experiments were conducted to identify modes of organised motion. These help explain interactions between the vegetation and the atmosphere that are not currently well understood. Techniques used include fibre-optic sensing, thermal infrared imaging, signal decomposition, and machine learning.
Michael Biggart, Jenny Stocker, Ruth M. Doherty, Oliver Wild, David Carruthers, Sue Grimmond, Yiqun Han, Pingqing Fu, and Simone Kotthaus
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13687–13711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13687-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13687-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Heat-related illnesses are of increasing concern in China given its rapid urbanisation and our ever-warming climate. We examine the relative impacts that land surface properties and anthropogenic heat have on the urban heat island (UHI) in Beijing using ADMS-Urban. Air temperature measurements and satellite-derived land surface temperatures provide valuable means of evaluating modelled spatiotemporal variations. This work provides critical information for urban planners and UHI mitigation.
Claire E. Reeves, Graham P. Mills, Lisa K. Whalley, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Leigh R. Crilley, Sue Grimmond, Dwayne E. Heard, C. Nicholas Hewitt, James R. Hopkins, Simone Kotthaus, Louisa J. Kramer, Roderic L. Jones, James D. Lee, Yanhui Liu, Bin Ouyang, Eloise Slater, Freya Squires, Xinming Wang, Robert Woodward-Massey, and Chunxiang Ye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6315–6330, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6315-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6315-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of isoprene on atmospheric chemistry is dependent on how its oxidation products interact with other pollutants, specifically nitrogen oxides. Such interactions can lead to isoprene nitrates. We made measurements of the concentrations of individual isoprene nitrate isomers in Beijing and used a model to test current understanding of their chemistry. We highlight areas of uncertainty in understanding, in particular the chemistry following oxidation of isoprene by the nitrate radical.
Wenhua Wang, Longyi Shao, Claudio Mazzoleni, Yaowei Li, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Janarjan Bhandari, Jiaoping Xing, Xiaolei Feng, Mengyuan Zhang, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5301–5314, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5301-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5301-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the characteristics of individual particles at ground level and above the mixed-layer height. We found that the particles above the mixed-layer height during haze periods are more aged compared to ground level. More coal-combustion-related primary organic particles were found above the mixed-layer height. We suggest that the particles above the mixed-layer height are affected by the surrounding areas, and once mixed down to the ground, they might contribute to ground air pollution.
Martina Botter, Matthias Zeeman, Paolo Burlando, and Simone Fatichi
Biogeosciences, 18, 1917–1939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1917-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1917-2021, 2021
Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Archit Mehra, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, William J. Bloss, Tuan Vu, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lujie Ren, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Xinming Wang, Pingqing Fu, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2125–2147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2125-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2125-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To understand how emission controls will impact ozone, an understanding of the sources and sinks of OH and the chemical cycling between peroxy radicals is needed. This paper presents measurements of OH, HO2 and total RO2 taken in central Beijing. The radical observations are compared to a detailed chemistry model, which shows that under low NO conditions, there is a missing OH source. Under high NOx conditions, the model under-predicts RO2 and impacts our ability to model ozone.
Rutambhara Joshi, Dantong Liu, Eiko Nemitz, Ben Langford, Neil Mullinger, Freya Squires, James Lee, Yunfei Wu, Xiaole Pan, Pingqing Fu, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Qiang Zhang, Ruili Wu, Oliver Wild, Michael Flynn, Hugh Coe, and James Allan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 147–162, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) is a component of particulate matter which has significant effects on climate and human health. Sources of BC include biomass burning, transport, industry and domestic cooking and heating. In this study, we measured BC emissions in Beijing, finding a dominance of traffic emissions over all other sources. The quantitative method presented here has benefits for revising widely used emissions inventories and for understanding BC sources with impacts on air quality and climate.
Alexander Krug, Daniel Fenner, Hans-Guido Mücke, and Dieter Scherer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3083–3097, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3083-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3083-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates hot weather episodes in eight German cities which are statistically associated with increased mortality. Besides air temperature, ozone concentrations partly explain these mortality rates. The strength of the respective contributions of the two stressors varies across the cities. Results highlight that during hot weather episodes, not only high air temperature affects urban populations; concurrently high ozone concentrations also play an important role in public health.
Isabella Capel-Timms, Stefán Thor Smith, Ting Sun, and Sue Grimmond
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 4891–4924, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4891-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4891-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Thermal emissions or anthropogenic heat fluxes (QF) from human activities impact the local- and larger-scale urban climate. DASH considers both urban form and function in simulating QF by use of an agent-based structure that includes behavioural characteristics of city populations. This allows social practices to drive the calculation of QF as occupants move, varying by day type, demographic, location, activity, and socio-economic factors and in response to environmental conditions.
June Skeeter, Andreas Christen, Andrée-Anne Laforce, Elyn Humphreys, and Greg Henry
Biogeosciences, 17, 4421–4441, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4421-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4421-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates carbon fluxes at Illisarvik, an artificial drained thermokarst lake basin (DTLB) in Canada's Northwest Territories. This is the first carbon balance study in a DTLB outside of Alaska. We used neural networks to identify the factors controlling fluxes and to model the effects of the controlling factors. We discuss the role of vegetation heterogeneity in fluxes, especially of methane, and we show how the carbon fluxes differ from Alaskan DTLBs.
Freya A. Squires, Eiko Nemitz, Ben Langford, Oliver Wild, Will S. Drysdale, W. Joe F. Acton, Pingqing Fu, C. Sue B. Grimmond, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Michael Hollaway, Simone Kotthaus, James Lee, Stefan Metzger, Natchaya Pingintha-Durden, Marvin Shaw, Adam R. Vaughan, Xinming Wang, Ruili Wu, Qiang Zhang, and Yanli Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8737–8761, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8737-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8737-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Significant air quality problems exist in megacities like Beijing, China. To manage air pollution, legislators need a clear understanding of pollutant emissions. However, emissions inventories have large uncertainties, and reliable field measurements of pollutant emissions are required to constrain them. This work presents the first measurements of traffic-dominated emissions in Beijing which suggest that inventories overestimate these emissions in the region during both winter and summer.
Martin Kunz, Jost V. Lavric, Rainer Gasche, Christoph Gerbig, Richard H. Grant, Frank-Thomas Koch, Marcus Schumacher, Benjamin Wolf, and Matthias Zeeman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1671–1692, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1671-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1671-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) budget method enables the quantification of gas fluxes between ecosystems and the atmosphere under nocturnal stable stratification, a condition under which standard approaches struggle. However, up to now the application of the NBL method has been limited by difficulties in obtaining the required measurements. We show how an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) equipped with a carbon dioxide analyser can make this method more accessible.
Michael Biggart, Jenny Stocker, Ruth M. Doherty, Oliver Wild, Michael Hollaway, David Carruthers, Jie Li, Qiang Zhang, Ruili Wu, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Freya A. Squires, James Lee, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2755–2780, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2755-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2755-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient air pollution is a major cause of premature death in China. We examine the street-scale variation of pollutant levels in Beijing using air pollution dispersion and chemistry model ADMS-Urban. Campaign measurements are compared with simulated pollutant levels, providing a valuable means of evaluating the impact of key processes on urban air quality. Air quality modelling at such fine scales is essential for human exposure studies and for informing choices on future emission controls.
Genki Katata, Rüdiger Grote, Matthias Mauder, Matthias J. Zeeman, and Masakazu Ota
Biogeosciences, 17, 1071–1085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1071-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1071-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we demonstrate that high physiological activity levels during the extremely warm winter are allocated into the below-ground biomass and only to a minor extent used for additional plant growth during early spring. This process is so far largely unaccounted for in scenario analysis using global terrestrial biosphere models, and it may lead to carbon accumulation in the soil and/or carbon loss from the soil as a response to global warming.
Erkan Ibraim, Benjamin Wolf, Eliza Harris, Rainer Gasche, Jing Wei, Longfei Yu, Ralf Kiese, Sarah Eggleston, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Matthias Zeeman, Béla Tuzson, Lukas Emmenegger, Johan Six, Stephan Henne, and Joachim Mohn
Biogeosciences, 16, 3247–3266, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3247-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3247-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and the major stratospheric ozone-depleting substance; therefore, mitigation of anthropogenic N2O emissions is needed. To trace N2O-emitting source processes, in this study, we observed N2O isotopocules above an intensively managed grassland research site with a recently developed laser spectroscopy method. Our results indicate that the domain of denitrification or nitrifier denitrification was the major N2O source.
Ting Sun and Sue Grimmond
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 2781–2795, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2781-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2781-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A Python-enhanced urban land surface model, SuPy (SUEWS in Python), is presented with its development (the SUEWS interface modification, F2PY configuration and Python frontend implementation), cross-platform deployment (PyPI, Python Package Index) and demonstration (online tutorials in Jupyter notebooks for users of different levels). SuPy represents a significant enhancement that supports existing and new model applications, reproducibility and enhanced functionality.
Zongbo Shi, Tuan Vu, Simone Kotthaus, Roy M. Harrison, Sue Grimmond, Siyao Yue, Tong Zhu, James Lee, Yiqun Han, Matthias Demuzere, Rachel E. Dunmore, Lujie Ren, Di Liu, Yuanlin Wang, Oliver Wild, James Allan, W. Joe Acton, Janet Barlow, Benjamin Barratt, David Beddows, William J. Bloss, Giulia Calzolai, David Carruthers, David C. Carslaw, Queenie Chan, Lia Chatzidiakou, Yang Chen, Leigh Crilley, Hugh Coe, Tie Dai, Ruth Doherty, Fengkui Duan, Pingqing Fu, Baozhu Ge, Maofa Ge, Daobo Guan, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Kebin He, Mathew Heal, Dwayne Heard, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Michael Hollaway, Min Hu, Dongsheng Ji, Xujiang Jiang, Rod Jones, Markus Kalberer, Frank J. Kelly, Louisa Kramer, Ben Langford, Chun Lin, Alastair C. Lewis, Jie Li, Weijun Li, Huan Liu, Junfeng Liu, Miranda Loh, Keding Lu, Franco Lucarelli, Graham Mann, Gordon McFiggans, Mark R. Miller, Graham Mills, Paul Monk, Eiko Nemitz, Fionna O'Connor, Bin Ouyang, Paul I. Palmer, Carl Percival, Olalekan Popoola, Claire Reeves, Andrew R. Rickard, Longyi Shao, Guangyu Shi, Dominick Spracklen, David Stevenson, Yele Sun, Zhiwei Sun, Shu Tao, Shengrui Tong, Qingqing Wang, Wenhua Wang, Xinming Wang, Xuejun Wang, Zifang Wang, Lianfang Wei, Lisa Whalley, Xuefang Wu, Zhijun Wu, Pinhua Xie, Fumo Yang, Qiang Zhang, Yanli Zhang, Yuanhang Zhang, and Mei Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7519–7546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7519-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7519-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
APHH-Beijing is a collaborative international research programme to study the sources, processes and health effects of air pollution in Beijing. This introduction to the special issue provides an overview of (i) the APHH-Beijing programme, (ii) the measurement and modelling activities performed as part of it and (iii) the air quality and meteorological conditions during joint intensive field campaigns as a core activity within APHH-Beijing.
Tom V. Kokkonen, Sue Grimmond, Sonja Murto, Huizhi Liu, Anu-Maija Sundström, and Leena Järvi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7001–7017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7001-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7001-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first study to evaluate and correct the WATCH WFDEI reanalysis product in a highly polluted urban environment. It gives an important understanding of the uncertainties in reanalysis products in local-scale urban modelling in polluted environments and identifies and corrects the most important variables in hydrological modelling. This is also the first study to examine the effects of haze on the local-scale urban hydrological cycle.
Dantong Liu, Rutambhara Joshi, Junfeng Wang, Chenjie Yu, James D. Allan, Hugh Coe, Michael J. Flynn, Conghui Xie, James Lee, Freya Squires, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Xinlei Ge, Yele Sun, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6749–6769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6749-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6749-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides source attribution and characterization of BC in the Beijing urban environment in both winter and summer. For the first time, the physically and chemically based source apportionments are compared to evaluate the primary source contribution and secondary processing of BC-containing particles. A method is proposed to isolate the BC from the transportation sector and coal combustion sources.
Anne Klosterhalfen, Alexander Graf, Nicolas Brüggemann, Clemens Drüe, Odilia Esser, María P. González-Dugo, Günther Heinemann, Cor M. J. Jacobs, Matthias Mauder, Arnold F. Moene, Patrizia Ney, Thomas Pütz, Corinna Rebmann, Mario Ramos Rodríguez, Todd M. Scanlon, Marius Schmidt, Rainer Steinbrecher, Christoph K. Thomas, Veronika Valler, Matthias J. Zeeman, and Harry Vereecken
Biogeosciences, 16, 1111–1132, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1111-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1111-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To obtain magnitudes of flux components of H2O and CO2 (e.g., transpiration, soil respiration), we applied source partitioning approaches after Scanlon and Kustas (2010) and after Thomas et al. (2008) to high-frequency eddy covariance measurements of 12 study sites covering various ecosystems (croplands, grasslands, and forests) in different climatic regions. We analyzed the interrelations among turbulence, site characteristics, and the performance of both partitioning methods.
Roy M. Harrison, David C. S. Beddows, Mohammed S. Alam, Ajit Singh, James Brean, Ruixin Xu, Simone Kotthaus, and Sue Grimmond
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 39–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-39-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-39-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Particle number size distributions were measured simultaneously at five sites in London during a campaign. Observations are interpreted in terms of both evaporative shrinkage of traffic-generated particles and condensational growth, probably of traffic-generated particles under cool nocturnal conditions, as well as the influence of particles emitted from Heathrow Airport at a distance of about 22 km. The work highlights the highly dynamic behaviour of nanoparticles within the urban atmosphere.
Matthias Mauder and Matthias J. Zeeman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 249–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-249-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-249-2018, 2018
Caroline Brosy, Karina Krampf, Matthias Zeeman, Benjamin Wolf, Wolfgang Junkermann, Klaus Schäfer, Stefan Emeis, and Harald Kunstmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2773–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2773-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2773-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical and horizontal sounding of the planetary boundary layer can be complemented by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Utilizing a multicopter-type UAV spatial sampling of air and simultaneously sensing of meteorological variables is possible for the study of surface exchange processes. During stable atmospheric conditions, vertical methane gradients of about 300 ppb were found. This approach extended the vertical profile height of existing tower-based infrastructure by a factor of five.
Ting Sun, Zhi-Hua Wang, Walter C. Oechel, and Sue Grimmond
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2875–2890, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2875-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2875-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The diurnal hysteresis behaviour found between the net storage heat flux and net all-wave radiation has been captured in the Objective Hysteresis Model (OHM). To facilitate use, and enhance physical interpretations of the OHM coefficients, we develop the Analytical Objective Hysteresis Model (AnOHM) using an analytical solution of the one-dimensional advection–diffusion equation of coupled heat and liquid water transport in conjunction with the surface energy balance relationship.
Friderike Kuik, Axel Lauer, Galina Churkina, Hugo A. C. Denier van der Gon, Daniel Fenner, Kathleen A. Mar, and Tim M. Butler
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 4339–4363, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4339-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4339-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The study evaluates the performance of a setup of the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry and aerosols (WRF–Chem) for the Berlin–Brandenburg region of Germany. Its sensitivity to updating urban input parameters based on structural data for Berlin is tested, specifying land use classes on a sub-grid scale, downscaling the original emissions to a resolution of ca. 1 km by 1 km for Berlin based on proxy data and model resolution.
Carole Helfter, Anja H. Tremper, Christoforos H. Halios, Simone Kotthaus, Alex Bjorkegren, C. Sue B. Grimmond, Janet F. Barlow, and Eiko Nemitz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10543–10557, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10543-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10543-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
There are relatively few long-term, direct measurements of pollutant emissions in urban settings. We present over 3 years of measurements of fluxes of CO, CO2 and CH4, study their respective temporal and spatial dynamics and offer an independent verification of the London Atmospheric Emissions Inventory. CO and CO2 were strongly controlled by traffic and well characterised by the inventory whilst measured CH4 was two-fold larger and linked to natural gas usage and perhaps biogenic sources.
Simone Kotthaus, Ewan O'Connor, Christoph Münkel, Cristina Charlton-Perez, Martial Haeffelin, Andrew M. Gabey, and C. Sue B. Grimmond
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 3769–3791, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3769-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3769-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Ceilometers lidars are useful to study clouds, aerosol layers and atmospheric boundary layer structures. As sensor optics and acquisition algorithms can strongly influence the observations, sensor specifics need to be incorporated into the physical interpretation. Here, recommendations are made for the operation and processing of profile observations from the widely deployed Vaisala CL31 ceilometer. Proposed corrections are shown to increase data quality and even data availability at times.
J. Lindén, C.S.B. Grimmond, and J. Esper
Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 157–162, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-157-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-157-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Long term meteorological records from stations associated with villages are generally classified as rural and assumed to have no urban influence. Using temperature sensor networks installed around two such stations, spatial variations of the same order magnitude as the long-term temperature trend from these stations were found. The potential bias in the long term series therefore warrants careful consideration in temperature trend evaluation also in village stations.
H. C. Ward, J. G. Evans, C. S. B. Grimmond, and J. Bradford
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 1385–1405, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1385-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1385-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Two-wavelength scintillometry, a ground-based remote sensing technique for deriving large-area heat fluxes, has been used over an urban area for the first time. The long data set enables investigation of the performance of the technique and characteristics of turbulent transport processes at sub-daily to inter-annual timescales. In this first paper, the structure parameters of temperature and humidity, and the correlation between temperature and humidity, are presented and analysed.
H. C. Ward, J. G. Evans, and C. S. B. Grimmond
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 1407–1424, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1407-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1407-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Two-wavelength scintillometry, a ground-based remote sensing technique for deriving large-area heat fluxes, has been used over an urban area for the first time. The long data set enables investigation of the performance of the technique and characteristics of turbulent transport processes at sub-daily to inter-annual timescales. In this second paper, sensible and latent heat fluxes representative of an area of 5--10 km2 are presented and analysed.
L. Järvi, C. S. B. Grimmond, M. Taka, A. Nordbo, H. Setälä, and I. B. Strachan
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1691–1711, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014, 2014
P. Michna, W. Eugster, R. V. Hiller, M. J. Zeeman, and H. Wanner
Geogr. Helv., 68, 249–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-68-249-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-68-249-2013, 2013
A. Font, C. S. B. Grimmond, J.-A. Morguí, S. Kotthaus, M. Priestman, and B. Barratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-13465-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-13465-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
H. C. Ward, J. G. Evans, and C. S. B. Grimmond
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4645–4666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4645-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4645-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Data management
Managing data of sensor-equipped transportation networks using graph databases
Research on online data transmission technology in a marine controlled-source electromagnetic transmitter
GeoAI: a review of artificial intelligence approaches for the interpretation of complex geomatics data
Soil CO2 efflux errors are lognormally distributed – implications and guidance
CÆLIS: software for assimilation, management and processing data of an atmospheric measurement network
Extreme isotopologue disequilibrium in molecular SIMS species during SHRIMP geochronology
Noise in raw data from magnetic observatories
A comprehensive data acquisition and management system for an ecosystem-scale peatland warming and elevated CO2 experiment
The AmeriFlux data activity and data system: an evolving collection of data management techniques, tools, products and services
Martian dust devils detector over FPGA
Erik Bollen, Rik Hendrix, and Bart Kuijpers
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 13, 353–371, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-353-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-353-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Transportation networks, such as road or river systems and electricity grids, are often equipped with various sensors that produce vast amounts of data that reflect real-life situations on these networks. We present an all-in-one data management solution to deal with these data. Our solution addresses both the storage and querying of such data and is based on a theoretical database model and query logic. In addition, this is implemented and tested on real-life datasets.
Chentao Wang, Ming Deng, Nini Duan, Xiaoxi Ma, and Meng Wang
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 12, 187–200, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-187-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-187-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper proposes a new online data transmission technology for marine controlled-source electromagnetic (MCSEM) transmitters. The technology enables high-precision data acquisition, storage, and ethernet file transmission and offers significant convenience. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the application of MCSEM transmitters in marine explorations and to offer significant convenience.
Roberto Pierdicca and Marina Paolanti
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 195–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For the processing of geomatics data, artificial intelligence (AI) offers overwhelming opportunities. The integration of AI approaches in geomatics has developed into the concept of geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI), which is a new paradigm for geographic knowledge discovery and beyond. This contribution outlines AI-based techniques for analysing and interpreting complex geomatics data. How AI approaches have been exploited for the interpretation of geomatic data is explained.
Thomas Wutzler, Oscar Perez-Priego, Kendalynn Morris, Tarek S. El-Madany, and Mirco Migliavacca
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 9, 239–254, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-239-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-239-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Continuous data of soil CO2 efflux can improve model prediction of climate warming, and automated data are becoming increasingly available. However, aggregating chamber-based data to plot scale pose challenges. Therefore, we showed, using 1 year of half-hourly data, how using the lognormal assumption tackles several challenges. We propose that plot-scale SO2 efflux observations should be reported together with lognormally based uncertainties and enter model constraining frameworks at log scale.
David Fuertes, Carlos Toledano, Ramiro González, Alberto Berjón, Benjamín Torres, Victoria E. Cachorro, and Ángel M. de Frutos
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 7, 67–81, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-67-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-67-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
CÆLIS is a software system which aims at simplifying the management of a photometric ground-based network, providing tools by monitoring the instruments, processing the data in real time and offering the scientific community a new tool to work with the data. The present work describes the system architecture of CÆLIS and some examples of applications and data processing.
Charles W. Magee Jr., Martin Danišík, and Terry Mernagh
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 6, 523–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-523-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-523-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The paper demonstrates that isotopologue disequilibrium can be created in the SIMS ionization process, and that the specific conditions under which it is created during the oxygen bombardment of geological materials are consistent with known conditions where traditional interrelationships between ion abundances break down. Further study to determine the degree of radiation dosage at which extreme disequilibrium appears involved Raman and helium dating on a variety of well-characterized zircons.
Sergey Y. Khomutov, Oksana V. Mandrikova, Ekaterina A. Budilova, Kusumita Arora, and Lingala Manjula
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 6, 329–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-329-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-329-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Noise is a common problem for the experiments or observations. Noise in the raw data of magnetic observatories has features. The article makes an attempt to give a review of this noise, using the data from some Russian and Indian observatories.
M. B. Krassovski, J. S. Riggs, L. A. Hook, W. R. Nettles, P. J. Hanson, and T. A. Boden
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 4, 203–213, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-4-203-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-4-203-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem-scale manipulation experiments are getting more complicated and require innovative approaches that help manage high volumes of in situ observations. New large-scale, well-designed, and reliable data acquisition and management systems will become common it the future. The presented approach shows an example of such a system that was built in a remote and harsh environmental location. The provided details can be used for the design of similar systems for other experiments in future.
T. A. Boden, M. Krassovski, and B. Yang
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 2, 165–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-165-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-165-2013, 2013
E. de Lucas, M. J. Miguel, D. Mozos, and L. Vázquez
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 1, 23–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-1-23-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-1-23-2012, 2012
Cited articles
Anaconda Software Distribution: https://docs.anaconda.com/ (last access: 16 February 2023), 2023. a
Allwine, J., Leach, M., Stockham, L., Shinn, J., Hosker, R., Bowers, J., and Pace, J.: Overview of Joint Urban 2003: an atmospheric dispersion study in Oklahoma City, Symposium on Planning, Nowcasting, and Forecasting in the Urban Zone, Seattle, Washington, https://ams.confex.com/ams/84Annual/webprogram/Paper74349.html (last access: 16 May 2024), 2004. a
Baklanov, A., Grimmond, C., Carlson, D., Terblanche, D., Tang, X., Bouchet, V., Lee, B., Langendijk, G., Kolli, R., and Hovsepyan, A.: From urban meteorology, climate and environment research to integrated city services, Urban Climate, 23, 330–341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2017.05.004, 2018. a
Barlow, J., Best, M., Bohnenstengel, S. I., Clark, P., Grimmond, S., Lean, H., Christen, A., Emeis, S., Haeffelin, M., Harman, I. N., Lemonsu, A., Martilli, A., Pardyjak, E., Rotach, M. W., Ballard, S., Boutle, I., Brown, A., Cai, X., Carpentieri, M., Coceal, O., Crawford, B., Di Sabatino, S., Dou, J., Drew, D. R., Edwards, J. M., Fallmann, J., Fortuniak, K., Gornall, J., Gronemeier, T., Halios, C. H., Hertwig, D., Hirano, K., Holtslag, A. A. M., Luo, Z., Mills, G., Nakayoshi, M., Pain, K., Schlünzen, K. H., Smith, S., Soulhac, L., Steeneveld, G.-J., Sun, T., Theeuwes, N. E., Thomson, D., Voogt, J. A., Ward, H. C., Xie, Z.-T., and Zhong, J.: Developing a Research Strategy to Better Understand, Observe, and Simulate Urban Atmospheric Processes at Kilometer to Subkilometer Scales, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 98, ES261–ES264, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0106.1, 2017. a
Bohnenstengel, S. I., Belcher, S. E., Aiken, A., Allan, J. D., Allen, G., Bacak, A., Bannan, T. J., Barlow, J. F., Beddows, D. C. S., Bloss, W. J., Booth, A. M., Chemel, C., Coceal, O., Di Marco, C. F., Dubey, M. K., Faloon, K. H., Fleming, Z. L., Furger, M., Gietl, J. K., Graves, R. R., Green, D. C., Grimmond, C. S. B., Halios, C. H., Hamilton, J. F., Harrison, R. M., Heal, M. R., Heard, D. E., Helfter, C., Herndon, S. C., Holmes, R. E., Hopkins, J. R., Jones, A. M., Kelly, F. J., Kotthaus, S., Langford, B., Lee, J. D., Leigh, R. J., Lewis, A. C., Lidster, R. T., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., McQuaid, J. B., Mohr, C., Monks, P. S., Nemitz, E., Ng, N. L., Percival, C. J., Prévôt, A. S. H., Ricketts, H. M. A., Sokhi, R., Stone, D., Thornton, J. A., Tremper, A. H., Valach, A. C., Visser, S., Whalley, L. K., Williams, L. R., Xu, L., Young, D. E., and Zotter, P.: Meteorology, Air Quality, and Health in London: The ClearfLo Project, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 779–804, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00245.1, 2015. a
Brettschneider, P., Axtmann, A., Böker, E., and Von Suchodoletz, D.: Offene Lizenzen für Forschungsdaten, o-bib. Das offene Bibliotheksjournal/Herausgeber VDB, Bd. 8 Nr. 3 (2021), https://doi.org/10.5282/O-BIB/5749, 2021. a
Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie: European Vertical Reference System – EVRS, https://evrs.bkg.bund.de/Subsites/EVRS/EN/Home/home.html (last access: 16 May 2024), 2023. a
Caluwaerts, S., Top, S., Vergauwen, T., Wauters, G., Ridder, K. D., Hamdi, R., Mesuere, B., Schaeybroeck, B. V., Wouters, H., and Termonia, P.: Engaging Schools to Explore Meteorological Observational Gaps, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102, E1126–E1132, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0051.1, 2021. a, b
Changnon, S. A., Huff, F. A., and Semonin, R. G.: METROMEX: an Investigation of Inadvertent Weather Modification, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 52, 958–968, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1971)052<0958:maioiw>2.0.co;2, 1971. a, b
Chrysoulakis, N., Ludlow, D., Mitraka, Z., Somarakis, G., Khan, Z., Lauwaet, D., Hooyberghs, H., Feliu, E., Navarro, D., Feigenwinter, C., Holsten, A., Soukup, T., Dohr, M., Marconcini, M., and Holt Andersen, B.: Copernicus for urban resilience in Europe, Sci. Rep., 13, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43371-9, 2023. a
de Vos, L. W., Droste, A. M., Zander, M. J., Overeem, A., Leijnse, H., Heusinkveld, B. G., Steeneveld, G. J., and Uijlenhoet, R.: Hydrometeorological Monitoring Using Opportunistic Sensing Networks in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 101, E167–E185, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0091.1, 2020. a
European Organization For Nuclear Research and OpenAIRE: Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.25495/7GXK-RD71, 2013. a
Feigel, G., Plein, M., Zeeman, M., Metzger, S., Matzarakis, A., Schindler, D., and Christen, A.: High spatio-temporal and continuous monitoring of outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas: a generic and modular sensor network and outreach platform, Sustainable Cities and Society, accepted, 2024. a, b, c, d, e, f
Fenner, D., Christen, A., Gertsen, C., Grimmond, S., König, K., Looschelders, D., Meier, F., Metzger, S., Mitraka, Z., Morrison, W., Tsirantonakis, D., and Zeeman, M.: Metadata for the urbisphere-Berlin campaign during 2021–2022: technical documentation, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10833089, 2024a. a
Fenner, D., Christen, A., Grimmond, S., Meier, F., Morrison, W., Zeeman, M., Barlow, J., Birkmann, J., Blunn, L., Chrysoulakis, N., Clements, M., Glazer, R., Hertwig, D., Kotthaus, S., König, K., Looschelders, D., Mitraka, Z., Poursanidis, D., Tsirantonakis, D., Bechtel, B., Benjamin, K., Beyrich, F., Briegel, F., Feigel, G., Gertsen, C., Iqbal, N., Kittner, J., Lean, H., Liu, Y., Luo, Z., McGrory, M., Metzger, S., Paskin, M., Ravan, M., Ruhtz, T., Saunders, B., Scherer, D., Smith, S. T., Stretton, M., Trachte, K., and Van Hove, M.: urbisphere-Berlin campaign: Investigating multi-scale urban impacts on the atmospheric boundary layer, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 105, E1929–E1961, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0030.1, 2024b. a, b, c
Giles, D. M., Sinyuk, A., Sorokin, M. G., Schafer, J. S., Smirnov, A., Slutsker, I., Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Lewis, J. R., Campbell, J. R., Welton, E. J., Korkin, S. V., and Lyapustin, A. I.: Advancements in the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Version 3 database – automated near-real-time quality control algorithm with improved cloud screening for Sun photometer aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 169–209, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-169-2019, 2019. a, b
Grimmond, C. S. B.: Progress in measuring and observing the urban atmosphere, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 84, 3–22, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-005-0140-5, 2005. a
Grimmond, C. S. B., Blackett, M., Best, M. J., Barlow, J., Baik, J.-J., Belcher, S. E., Bohnenstengel, S. I., Calmet, I., Chen, F., Dandou, A., Fortuniak, K., Gouvea, M. L., Hamdi, R., Hendry, M., Kawai, T., Kawamoto, Y., Kondo, H., Krayenhoff, E. S., Lee, S.-H., Loridan, T., Martilli, A., Masson, V., Miao, S., Oleson, K., Pigeon, G., Porson, A., Ryu, Y.-H., Salamanca, F., Shashua-Bar, L., Steeneveld, G.-J., Tombrou, M., Voogt, J., Young, D., and Zhang, N.: The International Urban Energy Balance Models Comparison Project: First Results from Phase 1, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 49, 1268–1292, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2354.1, 2010. a
Grimmond, S., Bouchet, V., Molina, L. T., Baklanov, A., Tan, J., Schlünzen, K. H., Mills, G., Golding, B., Masson, V., Ren, C., Voogt, J., Miao, S., Lean, H., Heusinkveld, B., Hovespyan, A., Teruggi, G., Parrish, P., and Joe, P.: Integrated urban hydrometeorological, climate and environmental services: Concept, methodology and key messages, Urban Climate, 33, 100623, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100623, 2020. a, b
Gubler, M., Christen, A., Remund, J., and Brönnimann, S.: Evaluation and application of a low-cost measurement network to study intra-urban temperature differences during summer 2018 in Bern, Switzerland, Urban Climate, 37, 100817, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100817, 2021. a
Haeffelin, M., Kotthaus, S., Bastin, S., Bouffies-Cloché, S., Cantrell, C., Christen, A., Dupont, J.-C., Foret, G., Gros, V., Lemonsu, A., Leymarie, J., Lohou, F., Madelin, M., Masson, V., Michoud, V., Price, J., Ramonet, M., Ribaud, J.-F., Sartelet, K., and Wurtz, J. and the PANAME team: PANAME – Project synergy of atmospheric research in the Paris region, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-14781, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-14781, 2023. a
Hertwig, D., McGrory, M., Paskin, M., Liu, Y., Lo Piano, S., Llanwarne, H., Smith, S. T., and Grimmond, S.: Multi-scale harmonisation Across Physical and Socio-Economic Characteristics of a City region (MAPSECC): London, UK [data set], Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190340, 2024. a
Jha, M., Marpu, P. R., Chau, C.-K., and Armstrong, P.: Design of sensor network for urban micro-climate monitoring, in: 2015 IEEE First International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), 25–28 October 2015, Guadalajara, Mexico, https://doi.org/10.1109/isc2.2015.7366153, 2015. a
Karl, T., Gohm, A., Rotach, M. W., Ward, H. C., Graus, M., Cede, A., Wohlfahrt, G., Hammerle, A., Haid, M., Tiefengraber, M., Lamprecht, C., Vergeiner, J., Kreuter, A., Wagner, J., and Staudinger, M.: Studying Urban Climate and Air Quality in the Alps: The Innsbruck Atmospheric Observatory, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 101, E488–E507, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0270.1, 2020. a
Kayser, M., Päschke, E., Detring, C., Lehmann, V., Beyrich, F., and Leinweber, R.: Standardized Doppler lidar processing for operational use in a future network, DACH2022, 21–25 March 2022, Leipzig, Germany, DACH2022-209, https://doi.org/10.5194/dach2022-209, 2022. a
Kluyver, T., Ragan-Kelley, B., Pérez, F., Granger, B., Bussonnier, M., Frederic, J., Kelley, K., Hamrick, J., Grout, J., Corlay, S., Ivanov, P., Avila, D., Abdalla, S., Willing, C., and development team, J.: Jupyter Notebooks – a publishing format for reproducible computational workflows, in: Positioning and Power in Academic Publishing: Players, Agents and Agendas, edited by: Loizides, F. and Scmidt, B., IOS Press, the Netherlands, 87–90, https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/403913/ (last access: 16 May 2024), 2016. a
Kotthaus, S., Haeffelin, M., Drouin, M.-A., Dupont, J.-C., Grimmond, S., Haefele, A., Hervo, M., Poltera, Y., and Wiegner, M.: Tailored Algorithms for the Detection of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height from Common Automatic Lidars and Ceilometers (ALC), Remote Sensing, 12, 3259, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193259, 2020. a
Landsberg, H. E.: Meteorological Observations in Urban Areas, American Meteorological Society, 91–99, ISBN 9781935704355, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-35-5_14, 1970. a
Lipson, M., Grimmond, S., Best, M., Chow, W. T. L., Christen, A., Chrysoulakis, N., Coutts, A., Crawford, B., Earl, S., Evans, J., Fortuniak, K., Heusinkveld, B. G., Hong, J.-W., Hong, J., Järvi, L., Jo, S., Kim, Y.-H., Kotthaus, S., Lee, K., Masson, V., McFadden, J. P., Michels, O., Pawlak, W., Roth, M., Sugawara, H., Tapper, N., Velasco, E., and Ward, H. C.: Harmonized gap-filled datasets from 20 urban flux tower sites, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5157–5178, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5157-2022, 2022. a
Liu, Y., Luo, Z., and Grimmond, S.: Impact of building envelope design parameters on diurnal building anthropogenic heat emission, Build. Environ., 234, 110134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110134, 2023. a
Manninen, A. J., Marke, T., Tuononen, M., and O’Connor, E. J.: Atmospheric Boundary Layer Classification With Doppler Lidar, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 8172–8189, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017jd028169, 2018. a
Marquès, E., Masson, V., Naveau, P., Mestre, O., Dubreuil, V., and Richard, Y.: Urban Heat Island Estimation from Crowdsensing Thermometers Embedded in Personal Cars, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 103, E1098–E1113, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-21-0174.1, 2022. a, b
Masson, V., Lemonsu, A., Hidalgo, J., and Voogt, J.: Urban Climates and Climate Change, Annu. Rev. Env. Resour., 45, 411–444, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083623, 2020. a
Mestayer, P. G., Durand, P., Augustin, P., Bastin, S., Bonnefond, J. M., Bénech, B., Campistron, B., Coppalle, A., Delbarre, H., Dousset, B., Drobinski, P., Druilhet, A., Fréjafon, E., Grimmond, C. S. B., Groleau, D., Irvine, M., Kergomard, C., Kermadi, S., Lagouarde, J. P., Lemonsu, A., Lohou, F., Long, N., Masson, V., Moppert, C., Noilhan, J., Offerle, B., Oke, T. R., Pigeon, G., Puygrenier, V., Roberts, S., Rosant, J. M., Sanïd, F., Salmond, J., Talbaut, M., and Voogt, J.: The urban boundary-layer field campaign in marseille (ubl/clu-escompte): set-up and first results, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 114, 315–365, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-004-9241-4, 2005. a
Middel, A., Nazarian, N., Demuzere, M., and Bechtel, B.: Urban Climate Informatics: An Emerging Research Field, Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 1–15 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.867434, 2022. a
Morrison, W.: sync-obs, GitHub [code], https://github.com/willmorrison1/sync-obs (last access: 16 May 2024), 2022. a
Muller, C. L., Chapman, L., Grimmond, C., Young, D. T., and Cai, X.-M.: Toward a Standardized Metadata Protocol for Urban Meteorological Networks, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 1161–1185, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00096.1, 2013a. a, b
Muller, C. L., Chapman, L., Grimmond, C. S. B., Young, D. T., and Cai, X.: Sensors and the city: a review of urban meteorological networks, Int. J. Climatol., 33, 1585–1600, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3678, 2013b. a
NumFOCUS: Numerical Foundation for Open Code and Useable Science, online, https://numfocus.org/sponsored-projects (last access: 16 May 2024), 2024. a
Oke, T. R.: Towards better scientific communication in urban climate, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 84, 179–190, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-005-0153-0, 2005. a, b
Oke, T. R.: Urban climates, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ISBN 9781139016476, 2017. a
Pardyjak, E. R. and Stoll, R.: Improving measurement technology for the design of sustainable cities, Meas. Sci. Technol., 28, 092001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa7c77, 2017. a
Plein, M., Kersten, F., Zeeman, M., and Christen, A.: Street-level weather station network in Freiburg, Germany: Station documentation, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.12732551, 2024. a
Rettberg, N.: Zenodo Launches!, https://www.openaire.eu/zenodo-is-launched (last access: 16 May 2024), 2018. a
Richard, Y., Emery, J., Dudek, J., Pergaud, J., Chateau-Smith, C., Zito, S., Rega, M., Vairet, T., Castel, T., Thévenin, T., and Pohl, B.: How relevant are local climate zones and urban climate zones for urban climate research? Dijon (France) as a case study, Urban Climate, 26, 258–274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.10.002, 2018. a
Richardson, A. D., Hufkens, K., Milliman, T., Aubrecht, D. M., Chen, M., Gray, J. M., Johnston, M. R., Keenan, T. F., Klosterman, S. T., Kosmala, M., Melaas, E. K., Friedl, M. A., and Frolking, S.: Tracking vegetation phenology across diverse North American biomes using PhenoCam imagery, Sci. Data, 5, 180028, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.28, 2018. a
Rotach, M. W., Vogt, R., Bernhofer, C., Batchvarova, E., Christen, A., Clappier, A., Feddersen, B., Gryning, S.-E., Martucci, G., Mayer, H., Mitev, V., Oke, T. R., Parlow, E., Richner, H., Roth, M., Roulet, Y.-A., Ruffieux, D., Salmond, J. A., Schatzmann, M., and Voogt, J. A.: BUBBLE – an Urban Boundary Layer Meteorology Project, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 81, 231–261, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-004-0117-9, 2005. a, b
Scherer, D., Antretter, F., Bender, S., Cortekar, J., Emeis, S., Fehrenbach, U., Gross, G., Halbig, G., Hasse, J., Maronga, B., Raasch, S., and Scherber, K.: Urban Climate Under Change [UC]2 – A National Research Programme for Developing a Building-Resolving Atmospheric Model for Entire City Regions, Meteorol. Z., 28, 95–104, https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2019/0913, 2019. a, b, c, d
Scherer, D., Fehrenbach, U., Grassmann, T., Holtmann, A., Meier, F., Scherber, K., Pavlik, D., Höhne, T., Kanani-Sühring, F., Maronga, B., Ament, F., Banzhaf, S., Langer, I., Halbig, G., Kohler, M., Queck, R., Stratbücker, S., Winkler, M., Wegener, R., and Zeeman, M.: [UC]2 Data Standard “Urban Climate under Change”, version 1.5.2, https://uc2-program.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/uc2_data_standard_0.pdf (last access: 16 May 2024), 2022. a
Stewart, I. D.: A systematic review and scientific critique of methodology in modern urban heat island literature, Int. J. Climatol., 31, 200–217, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2141, 2011. a, b
Sulzer, M., Christen, A., and Matzarakis, A.: A Low-Cost Sensor Network for Real-Time Thermal Stress Monitoring and Communication in Occupational Contexts, Sensors, 22, 1828, https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051828, 2022. a, b
Sulzer, M., Christen, A., and Matzarakis, A.: Predicting indoor air temperature and thermal comfort in occupational settings using weather forecasts, indoor sensors, and artificial neural networks, Build. Environ., 234, 110077, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110077, 2023. a
Teschke, G. and Lehmann, V.: Mean wind vector estimation using the velocity–azimuth display (VAD) method: an explicit algebraic solution, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3265–3271, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3265-2017, 2017. a
Vakkari, V., Manninen, A. J., O'Connor, E. J., Schween, J. H., van Zyl, P. G., and Marinou, E.: A novel post-processing algorithm for Halo Doppler lidars, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 839–852, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-839-2019, 2019. a
Walikewitz, N., Jänicke, B., Langner, M., and Endlicher, W.: Assessment of indoor heat stress variability in summer and during heat warnings: a case study using the UTCI in Berlin, Germany, Int. J. Biometeorol., 62, 29–42, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-015-1066-y, 2015. a
Wilkinson, M. D., Dumontier, M., Aalbersberg, I. J., Appleton, G., Axton, M., Baak, A., Blomberg, N., Boiten, J.-W., da Silva Santos, L. B., Bourne, P. E., Bouwman, J., Brookes, A. J., Clark, T., Crosas, M., Dillo, I., Dumon, O., Edmunds, S., Evelo, C. T., Finkers, R., Gonzalez-Beltran, A., Gray, A. J., Groth, P., Goble, C., Grethe, J. S., Heringa, J., 't Hoen, P. A., Hooft, R., Kuhn, T., Kok, R., Kok, J., Lusher, S. J., Martone, M. E., Mons, A., Packer, A. L., Persson, B., Rocca-Serra, P., Roos, M., van Schaik, R., Sansone, S.-A., Schultes, E., Sengstag, T., Slater, T., Strawn, G., Swertz, M. A., Thompson, M., van der Lei, J., van Mulligen, E., Velterop, J., Waagmeester, A., Wittenburg, P., Wolstencroft, K., Zhao, J., and Mons, B.: The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship, Sci. Data, 3, 160018, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18, 2016. a
WMO: Initial Guidance to Obtain Representative Meteorological Observations at Urban Sites, in: WMO-No. 1250, edited by Oke, T. R., Instruments and Observing Methods, World Meteorological Organisation, p. 51, https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=9286 (last access: 16 May 2024), 2006. a
WMO: Guidance on Integrated Urban Hydrometeorological, Climate and Environment Services – Volume I: Concept and Methodology, in: WMO-No. 1234, edited by: Grimmond, S., Bouchet, V., Molina, L., Baklanov, A., and Joe, P., Weather Climate Water, World Meteorological Organisation, https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=11537 (last access: 16 May 2024), 2019. a
WMO: Guidance on Integrated Urban Hydrometeorological, Climate and Environment Services – Volume II: Demonstration Cities, in: WMO-No. 1234, edited by: Grimmond, S. and Sokhi, R., Weather Climate Water, World Meteorological Organisation, https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=11537 (last access: 16 May 2024), 2021. a, b, c
WMO: Guidance on Measuring, Modelling and Monitoring the Canopy Layer Urban Heat Island (CL-UHI), in: WMO-No. 1292, edited by Schlünzen, K. H., Grimmond, S., and Baklanov, A., Weather Climate Water, World Meteorological Organisation, p. 88, https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=11537 (last access: 16 May 2024), 2023. a, b
Wood, C. R., Järvi, L., Kouznetsov, R. D., Nordbo, A., Joffre, S., Drebs, A., Vihma, T., Hirsikko, A., Suomi, I., Fortelius, C., O’Connor, E., Moiseev, D., Haapanala, S., Moilanen, J., Kangas, M., Karppinen, A., Vesala, T., and Kukkonen, J.: An Overview of the Urban Boundary Layer Atmosphere Network in Helsinki, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 1675–1690, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00146.1, 2013. a
Yang, J. and Bou-Zeid, E.: Designing sensor networks to resolve spatio-temporal urban temperature variations: fixed, mobile or hybrid?, Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 074022, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab25f8, 2019. a, b
Zeeman, M., Holst, C. C., Kossmann, M., Leukauf, D., Münkel, C., Philipp, A., Rinke, R., and Emeis, S.: Urban Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Structure in Complex Topography: An Empirical 3D Case Study for Stuttgart, Germany, Front. Earth Sci., 10, 840112, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.840112, 2022. a
Zenodo Community: urbisphere, Zenodo [data set], https://zenodo.org/communities/urbisphere/ (last access: 15 May 2024), 2021. a
Short summary
This study presents an overview of a data system for documenting, processing, managing, and publishing data streams from research networks of atmospheric and environmental sensors of varying complexity in urban environments. Our solutions aim to deliver resilient, near-time data using freely available software.
This study presents an overview of a data system for documenting, processing, managing, and...
