The paper demonstrates that isotopologue disequilibrium can be created in the SIMS ionization process, and that the specific conditions under which it is created during the oxygen bombardment of geological materials are consistent with known conditions where traditional interrelationships between ion abundances break down. Further study to determine the degree of radiation dosage at which extreme disequilibrium appears involved Raman and helium dating on a variety of well-characterized zircons.

Noise is a common problem for the experiments or observations. Noise in the raw data of magnetic observatories has features. The article makes an attempt to give a review of this noise, using the data from some Russian and Indian observatories.

Ecosystem-scale manipulation experiments are getting more complicated and require innovative approaches that help manage high volumes of in situ observations. New large-scale, well-designed, and reliable data acquisition and management systems will become common it the future. The presented approach shows an example of such a system that was built in a remote and harsh environmental location. The provided details can be used for the design of similar systems for other experiments in future.